{ "schema": "5lc-selection-review/1", "sublayer": "power-equipment", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewer": "energy_research", "status": "recommended_representative_set_pending_independent_integration_review", "scope": "Equipment and services that produce or store electricity: turbines, engines, backup generators, nuclear equipment, fuel cells and stationary batteries. Utility electricity sales and equipment orders awaiting delivery do not measure current activity.", "eligibility": [ "An operating business with a sold product, delivered service or producing asset relevant to a declared function.", "Public, private and state-owned suppliers use the same commercial-activity gate; financing and market value are not ranking substitutes.", "Parent and controlled operating businesses count once in the sublayer. Pending transactions remain separate.", "A new company may qualify without a disclosed revenue figure when actual commercial activity is evidenced. It retains unknown scale." ], "predefinedFunctions": [ "large gas turbines", "industrial and reciprocating generation", "backup generator sets", "nuclear reactor equipment and services", "fuel-cell generation", "stationary battery systems" ], "functionCoverageMatrix": { "large-gas-turbines": [ "ge-vernova", "siemens-energy", "mitsubishi-heavy", "doosan-enerbility" ], "engines-and-backup": [ "caterpillar", "cummins", "rolls-royce-power-systems", "innio", "baker-hughes", "wartsila" ], "nuclear-equipment-and-services": [ "westinghouse", "edf", "mitsubishi-heavy", "ge-vernova", "doosan-enerbility" ], "fuel-cells": [ "bloom" ], "stationary-battery-systems": [ "tesla-energy" ], "stationary-battery-cells": [ "catl" ] }, "universeRegister": "candidate-universe-preselection.json", "universeAmendments": "universe-amendments.json", "candidateUniverse": [ { "name": "GE Vernova", "entityId": "ge-vernova", "disposition": "selected", "functions": [ "large-gas-turbines", "nuclear-equipment-and-services" ], "reference": { "entityId": "ge-vernova", "packet": "energy/packets/ge-vernova.json", "packetSha256": "1cb8f4594c652a2ea6399a617c8ff80b33021b6241a0aee496a7f33b14726da4", "review": "energy/reviews/ge-vernova.json" }, "reason": "Large gas turbines and installed-fleet services, supported by 15.3 GW of FY2025 turbine sales; orders and slot reservations are excluded." }, { "name": "Siemens Energy", "entityId": "siemens-energy", "disposition": "selected", "functions": [ "large-gas-turbines" ], "reference": { "entityId": "siemens-energy", "packet": "energy/packets/siemens-energy.json", "packetSha256": "1882033593bd9cc159d89fb074643259a5af1acf4d25ea9b1e7ec98dce29368d", "review": "energy/reviews/siemens-energy.json" }, "reason": "Large gas-turbine equipment and services, with EUR 12,070 million FY2025 external Gas Services revenue." }, { "name": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "entityId": "mitsubishi-heavy", "disposition": "selected", "functions": [ "large-gas-turbines", "nuclear-equipment-and-services" ], "reference": { "entityId": "mitsubishi-heavy", "packet": "energy/packets/mitsubishi-heavy.json", "packetSha256": "bb1d33bee0b278461a5859267572f104a5e4f8c82f6e1cc3add3670715001788", "review": "energy/reviews/mitsubishi-heavy.json" }, "reason": "Large turbine, steam and nuclear equipment activity is separated from aircraft engines and the rest of the parent." }, { "name": "Caterpillar", "entityId": "caterpillar", "disposition": "selected", "functions": [ "engines-and-backup" ], "reference": { "entityId": "caterpillar", "packet": "energy/packets/caterpillar.json", "packetSha256": "d38d9e4684cb050c6b845fcdba5dd9c34c6bb04f2d8b8d8119028a87ab9fcd5c", "review": "energy/reviews/caterpillar.json" }, "reason": "Power-generation external sales are separately disclosed and materially exceed the narrower comparators; construction machinery is excluded." }, { "name": "Cummins", "entityId": "cummins", "disposition": "selected", "functions": [ "engines-and-backup" ], "reference": { "entityId": "cummins", "packet": "energy/packets/cummins.json", "packetSha256": "5d245b7cbc9c5d9691919f528bfae9f0235588bc2ae017567257adca9e6de37a", "review": "energy/reviews/cummins.json" }, "reason": "Commercial generator systems with a large current manufacturing and distribution business. Overlapping channel sales are never added." }, { "name": "Rolls-Royce Power Systems", "entityId": "rolls-royce-power-systems", "disposition": "selected", "functions": [ "engines-and-backup" ], "reference": { "entityId": "rolls-royce-power-systems", "packet": "energy/packets/rolls-royce-power-systems.json", "packetSha256": "4084f9c032b3efda08441b9537460be39cdabd8e56f0b4ea23486fc461bb2449", "review": "energy/reviews/rolls-royce-power-systems.json" }, "reason": "Operating mtu generator sets and power systems. The FY2025 generation estimate uses a disclosed rounded 54% mix and remains a range." }, { "name": "Wärtsilä", "entityId": "wartsila", "disposition": "eligible_cutoff_alternative", "functions": [ "engines-and-backup" ], "reason": "Commercial engines are an eligible alternative to the last engine position. Energy revenue is isolated from Marine and discontinued storage. No claim that Rolls-Royce is unambiguously larger follows across the differing revenue boundaries.", "observations": [ { "measure": "Energy segment net sales", "period": "FY2025", "value": 2048, "unit": "EUR million", "evidence": "reported" }, { "measure": "Energy segment net sales", "period": "H1 2026", "value": 1045, "unit": "EUR million", "evidence": "reported" }, { "measure": "Energy segment net sales", "period": "H1 2025", "value": 944, "unit": "EUR million", "evidence": "reported" } ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/investors/financial-materials/interim-reports/w%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4-half-year-financial-report-2026.pdf?sfvrsn=34f6f342_1", "title": "Half-year financial report 2026", "publishedDate": "2026-07-21", "accessedDate": "2026-10-21", "economicPeriod": "H1 2026 and comparative periods", "locator": "Energy net sales; discontinued Energy Storage treatment", "accessMode": "managed_web_source_read" } ], "calculation": { "expression": "2048 + 1045 - 944", "result": 2149, "unit": "EUR million", "period": "LTM June 2026" } }, { "name": "INNIO", "entityId": "innio", "disposition": "eligible_comparator_not_selected", "functions": [ "engines-and-backup" ], "reference": { "entityId": "innio", "packet": "energy/packets/innio.json", "packetSha256": "15885da6dcd5b58b743ccdfad275437eb342264414aea8add0a3aaba0d1d69c5", "review": "energy/reviews/innio.json" }, "reason": "Operating activity is documented in the packet. The ten-company limit and functional coverage choices exclude this comparator; no assertion of zero activity or universal inferiority is made." }, { "name": "Baker Hughes", "entityId": "baker-hughes", "disposition": "eligible_comparator_not_selected", "functions": [ "engines-and-backup" ], "reference": { "entityId": "baker-hughes", "packet": "energy/packets/baker-hughes.json", "packetSha256": "8e56d93603131199fd47584fe57917ce6020ecc97445c2be05ae7f51038f43c9", "review": "energy/reviews/baker-hughes.json" }, "reason": "Operating activity is documented in the packet. The ten-company limit and functional coverage choices exclude this comparator; no assertion of zero activity or universal inferiority is made." }, { "name": "Doosan Enerbility", "entityId": "doosan-enerbility", "disposition": "eligible_comparator_not_selected", "functions": [ "large-gas-turbines", "nuclear-equipment-and-services" ], "reference": { "entityId": "doosan-enerbility", "packet": "energy/packets/doosan-enerbility.json", "packetSha256": "d701d2534c64c818e3abebae8338bd1b756a2cd1f45b4a0d1ceb05890f68bbc3", "review": "energy/reviews/doosan-enerbility.json" }, "reason": "Operating activity is documented in the packet. The ten-company limit and functional coverage choices exclude this comparator; no assertion of zero activity or universal inferiority is made." }, { "name": "Westinghouse", "entityId": "westinghouse", "disposition": "selected", "functions": [ "nuclear-equipment-and-services" ], "reference": { "entityId": "westinghouse", "packet": "energy/packets/westinghouse.json", "packetSha256": "63bfa2927cc8497037afa78f8f0cbd40820e1094a8043229cfd67c4a7f066d80", "review": "energy/reviews/westinghouse.json" }, "reason": "Adds the operating nuclear equipment, service and reactor-design business. It is not credited with owning the output of reactors using its technology." }, { "name": "Framatome (EDF)", "entityId": "edf", "disposition": "consolidated_with_controlling_group", "functions": [ "nuclear-equipment-and-services" ], "reference": { "entityId": "edf", "packet": "energy/packets/edf.json", "packetSha256": "69fe8a388e2b952a2c3284c307441d8179b66dbcb529bd6ac1df7dc65878819c", "review": "energy/reviews/edf.json" }, "reason": "Operating activity is documented in the packet. The ten-company limit and functional coverage choices exclude this comparator; no assertion of zero activity or universal inferiority is made." }, { "name": "BWX Technologies", "entityId": null, "disposition": "unresolved_global_comparator", "reason": "Discovered before selection, but an adequately comparable current operating-activity record was not completed. Absence of a score is not evidence of insignificance. This limits any claim that the selected set is the uniquely largest global ten.", "followUp": "Obtain current primary operating activity and ownership boundary before asserting numerical dominance or replacing a cutoff alternative." }, { "name": "Bloom Energy", "entityId": "bloom", "disposition": "selected", "functions": [ "fuel-cells" ], "reference": { "entityId": "bloom", "packet": "energy/packets/bloom.json", "packetSha256": "b0de47435f642bdcf2dcbb493afd8dd7c3bf6d4010323c3ad0a208e395fc0a98", "review": "energy/reviews/bloom.json" }, "reason": "Adds commercial fuel-cell equipment and service. Equipment revenue excludes electricity sold from owned systems; Oracle development capacity is not treated as commissioned." }, { "name": "Tesla Energy", "entityId": "tesla-energy", "disposition": "selected", "functions": [ "stationary-battery-systems" ], "reference": { "entityId": "tesla-energy", "packet": "energy/packets/tesla-energy.json", "packetSha256": "99d31240d3ac2704b5923208f5a2ef04d4f1324b8083165bf17515f85ea20f44", "review": "energy/reviews/tesla-energy.json" }, "reason": "Represents integrated stationary battery deployment: 46.7 GWh in FY2025. This is not compared as equal-stage output with battery-cell shipments." }, { "name": "Fluence", "entityId": null, "disposition": "unresolved_global_comparator", "reason": "Discovered before selection, but an adequately comparable current operating-activity record was not completed. Absence of a score is not evidence of insignificance. This limits any claim that the selected set is the uniquely largest global ten.", "followUp": "Obtain current primary operating activity and ownership boundary before asserting numerical dominance or replacing a cutoff alternative." }, { "name": "Generac", "entityId": null, "disposition": "unresolved_global_comparator", "reason": "Discovered before selection, but an adequately comparable current operating-activity record was not completed. Absence of a score is not evidence of insignificance. This limits any claim that the selected set is the uniquely largest global ten.", "followUp": "Obtain current primary operating activity and ownership boundary before asserting numerical dominance or replacing a cutoff alternative." }, { "name": "Rehlko", "entityId": null, "disposition": "unresolved_global_comparator", "reason": "Discovered before selection, but an adequately comparable current operating-activity record was not completed. Absence of a score is not evidence of insignificance. This limits any claim that the selected set is the uniquely largest global ten.", "followUp": "Obtain current primary operating activity and ownership boundary before asserting numerical dominance or replacing a cutoff alternative." }, { "name": "MAN Energy Solutions/Everllence", "entityId": null, "disposition": "unresolved_global_comparator", "reason": "Discovered before selection, but an adequately comparable current operating-activity record was not completed. Absence of a score is not evidence of insignificance. This limits any claim that the selected set is the uniquely largest global ten.", "followUp": "Obtain current primary operating activity and ownership boundary before asserting numerical dominance or replacing a cutoff alternative." }, { "name": "PROENERGY", "entityId": null, "disposition": "unresolved_global_comparator", "reason": "Discovered before selection, but an adequately comparable current operating-activity record was not completed. Absence of a score is not evidence of insignificance. This limits any claim that the selected set is the uniquely largest global ten.", "followUp": "Obtain current primary operating activity and ownership boundary before asserting numerical dominance or replacing a cutoff alternative." }, { "name": "NuScale", "entityId": null, "disposition": "not_selected_operating_comparator_not_established", "reason": "Advanced-reactor development is relevant to monitoring, but no operating commercial reactor output from this supplier was established in this review. Funding and announced MW are not substitutes.", "uncertainty": "Discovery lead, not a full dossier review." }, { "name": "Oklo", "entityId": null, "disposition": "not_selected_operating_comparator_not_established", "reason": "Advanced-reactor development is relevant to monitoring, but no operating commercial reactor output from this supplier was established in this review. Funding and announced MW are not substitutes.", "uncertainty": "Discovery lead, not a full dossier review." }, { "name": "X-energy", "entityId": null, "disposition": "not_selected_operating_comparator_not_established", "reason": "Advanced-reactor development is relevant to monitoring, but no operating commercial reactor output from this supplier was established in this review. Funding and announced MW are not substitutes.", "uncertainty": "Discovery lead, not a full dossier review." }, { "name": "CATL", "entityId": "catl", "disposition": "selected", "functions": [ "stationary-battery-cells" ], "reference": { "entityId": "catl", "packet": "energy/packets/catl.json", "packetSha256": "c23743179919d7dcd4cf1ec781d1ad64d68c42d026e705cbd30ff4039a150dc3", "review": "energy/reviews/catl.json" }, "reason": "Represents the upstream stationary battery-cell and module supply stage, with 121 GWh of storage batteries sold in FY2025." }, { "name": "BYD", "entityId": null, "disposition": "unresolved_global_comparator", "reason": "Discovered before selection, but an adequately comparable current operating-activity record was not completed. Absence of a score is not evidence of insignificance. This limits any claim that the selected set is the uniquely largest global ten.", "followUp": "Obtain current primary operating activity and ownership boundary before asserting numerical dominance or replacing a cutoff alternative." } ], "selectionParameters": { "maximumEntities": 10, "slotAllocation": { "large-gas-turbines": 3, "engines-and-backup": 3, "nuclear-equipment-and-services": 1, "fuel-cells": 1, "stationary-battery-systems": 1, "stationary-battery-cells": 1 }, "choice": "These counts preserve distinct industrial functions. They are editorial coverage choices, not measured market shares. Multiple products within one group do not add extra selection slots." }, "calculationMethod": { "formula": "x_i ∈ {0,1}; sum_i x_i ≤ 10; for each required function j, sum_i x_i a_ij ≥ m_j. Here a_ij is 1 only for evidenced operating activity. For nuclear processing only: coverage_j = sum_i x_i q_ij / Q_j using every row of the external market table.", "normalization": "No cross-function revenue/capacity normalization, percentile score, market-cap fallback or funding score.", "weights": "No scalar importance weights. Functional minima, regional positions and the fuel coverage threshold are the explicit editorial weights in this constrained representative selection.", "tieRule": "More than one set can satisfy the constraints. The selected set is a documented editorial choice within that feasible family, supported by operating scale where comparable. It is not presented as the unique maximizer of a fabricated score.", "missingData": "Unknown quantities stay unknown. No zero imputation, median imputation or disclosure penalty. Unresolved outside candidates remain limitations, not proven losers." }, "rawInputs": "raw-observations.json", "selectedCompanyIds": [ "ge-vernova", "siemens-energy", "mitsubishi-heavy", "caterpillar", "cummins", "rolls-royce-power-systems", "westinghouse", "bloom", "tesla-energy", "catl" ], "selected": [ { "entityId": "ge-vernova", "displayOrder": 1, "rank": null, "reason": "Large gas turbines and installed-fleet services, supported by 15.3 GW of FY2025 turbine sales; orders and slot reservations are excluded.", "reference": { "entityId": "ge-vernova", "packet": "energy/packets/ge-vernova.json", "packetSha256": "1cb8f4594c652a2ea6399a617c8ff80b33021b6241a0aee496a7f33b14726da4", "review": "energy/reviews/ge-vernova.json" } }, { "entityId": "siemens-energy", "displayOrder": 2, "rank": null, "reason": "Large gas-turbine equipment and services, with EUR 12,070 million FY2025 external Gas Services revenue.", "reference": { "entityId": "siemens-energy", "packet": "energy/packets/siemens-energy.json", "packetSha256": "1882033593bd9cc159d89fb074643259a5af1acf4d25ea9b1e7ec98dce29368d", "review": "energy/reviews/siemens-energy.json" } }, { "entityId": "mitsubishi-heavy", "displayOrder": 3, "rank": null, "reason": "Large turbine, steam and nuclear equipment activity is separated from aircraft engines and the rest of the parent.", "reference": { "entityId": "mitsubishi-heavy", "packet": "energy/packets/mitsubishi-heavy.json", "packetSha256": "bb1d33bee0b278461a5859267572f104a5e4f8c82f6e1cc3add3670715001788", "review": "energy/reviews/mitsubishi-heavy.json" } }, { "entityId": "caterpillar", "displayOrder": 4, "rank": null, "reason": "Power-generation external sales are separately disclosed and materially exceed the narrower comparators; construction machinery is excluded.", "reference": { "entityId": "caterpillar", "packet": "energy/packets/caterpillar.json", "packetSha256": "d38d9e4684cb050c6b845fcdba5dd9c34c6bb04f2d8b8d8119028a87ab9fcd5c", "review": "energy/reviews/caterpillar.json" } }, { "entityId": "cummins", "displayOrder": 5, "rank": null, "reason": "Commercial generator systems with a large current manufacturing and distribution business. Overlapping channel sales are never added.", "reference": { "entityId": "cummins", "packet": "energy/packets/cummins.json", "packetSha256": "5d245b7cbc9c5d9691919f528bfae9f0235588bc2ae017567257adca9e6de37a", "review": "energy/reviews/cummins.json" } }, { "entityId": "rolls-royce-power-systems", "displayOrder": 6, "rank": null, "reason": "Operating mtu generator sets and power systems. The FY2025 generation estimate uses a disclosed rounded 54% mix and remains a range.", "reference": { "entityId": "rolls-royce-power-systems", "packet": "energy/packets/rolls-royce-power-systems.json", "packetSha256": "4084f9c032b3efda08441b9537460be39cdabd8e56f0b4ea23486fc461bb2449", "review": "energy/reviews/rolls-royce-power-systems.json" } }, { "entityId": "westinghouse", "displayOrder": 7, "rank": null, "reason": "Adds the operating nuclear equipment, service and reactor-design business. It is not credited with owning the output of reactors using its technology.", "reference": { "entityId": "westinghouse", "packet": "energy/packets/westinghouse.json", "packetSha256": "63bfa2927cc8497037afa78f8f0cbd40820e1094a8043229cfd67c4a7f066d80", "review": "energy/reviews/westinghouse.json" } }, { "entityId": "bloom", "displayOrder": 8, "rank": null, "reason": "Adds commercial fuel-cell equipment and service. Equipment revenue excludes electricity sold from owned systems; Oracle development capacity is not treated as commissioned.", "reference": { "entityId": "bloom", "packet": "energy/packets/bloom.json", "packetSha256": "b0de47435f642bdcf2dcbb493afd8dd7c3bf6d4010323c3ad0a208e395fc0a98", "review": "energy/reviews/bloom.json" } }, { "entityId": "tesla-energy", "displayOrder": 9, "rank": null, "reason": "Represents integrated stationary battery deployment: 46.7 GWh in FY2025. This is not compared as equal-stage output with battery-cell shipments.", "reference": { "entityId": "tesla-energy", "packet": "energy/packets/tesla-energy.json", "packetSha256": "99d31240d3ac2704b5923208f5a2ef04d4f1324b8083165bf17515f85ea20f44", "review": "energy/reviews/tesla-energy.json" } }, { "entityId": "catl", "displayOrder": 10, "rank": null, "reason": "Represents the upstream stationary battery-cell and module supply stage, with 121 GWh of storage batteries sold in FY2025.", "reference": { "entityId": "catl", "packet": "energy/packets/catl.json", "packetSha256": "c23743179919d7dcd4cf1ec781d1ad64d68c42d026e705cbd30ff4039a150dc3", "review": "energy/reviews/catl.json" } } ], "functionalCoverage": { "large-gas-turbines": [ "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "siemens-energy" ], "engines-and-backup": [ "caterpillar", "cummins", "rolls-royce-power-systems" ], "nuclear-equipment-and-services": [ "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "westinghouse" ], "fuel-cells": [ "bloom" ], "stationary-battery-systems": [ "tesla-energy" ], "stationary-battery-cells": [ "catl" ] }, "comparisons": [ { "name": "engines_alternative", "assumption": "The engine position changes when independent generator suppliers are preferred over a broader propulsion segment estimate.", "selectedCompanyIds": [ "ge-vernova", "siemens-energy", "mitsubishi-heavy", "caterpillar", "cummins", "innio", "westinghouse", "bloom", "tesla-energy", "catl" ], "stability": { "retainedCount": 9, "entered": [ "innio" ], "left": [ "rolls-royce-power-systems" ], "jaccard": 0.8181818181818182 }, "functionalCoverage": { "large-gas-turbines": [ "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "siemens-energy" ], "engines-and-backup": [ "caterpillar", "cummins", "innio" ], "nuclear-equipment-and-services": [ "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "westinghouse" ], "fuel-cells": [ "bloom" ], "stationary-battery-systems": [ "tesla-energy" ], "stationary-battery-cells": [ "catl" ] }, "constraintCheck": { "companyCount": 10, "withinLimit": true, "baseConstraintsSatisfied": true, "departuresFromBaseParameters": [] } }, { "name": "nuclear_manufacturing_emphasis", "assumption": "Prefer reactor and turbine manufacturing over installed-fleet services. Role coverage survives; the editorial purpose changes.", "selectedCompanyIds": [ "ge-vernova", "siemens-energy", "mitsubishi-heavy", "caterpillar", "cummins", "rolls-royce-power-systems", "doosan-enerbility", "bloom", "tesla-energy", "catl" ], "stability": { "retainedCount": 9, "entered": [ "doosan-enerbility" ], "left": [ "westinghouse" ], "jaccard": 0.8181818181818182 }, "functionalCoverage": { "large-gas-turbines": [ "doosan-enerbility", "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "siemens-energy" ], "engines-and-backup": [ "caterpillar", "cummins", "rolls-royce-power-systems" ], "nuclear-equipment-and-services": [ "doosan-enerbility", "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy" ], "fuel-cells": [ "bloom" ], "stationary-battery-systems": [ "tesla-energy" ], "stationary-battery-cells": [ "catl" ] }, "constraintCheck": { "companyCount": 10, "withinLimit": true, "baseConstraintsSatisfied": true, "departuresFromBaseParameters": [] } }, { "name": "exclude_upstream_cells", "assumption": "If the sublayer starts at integrated generation/storage equipment, CATL cell activity is outside scope and another engine supplier enters.", "selectedCompanyIds": [ "ge-vernova", "siemens-energy", "mitsubishi-heavy", "caterpillar", "cummins", "rolls-royce-power-systems", "westinghouse", "bloom", "tesla-energy", "innio" ], "stability": { "retainedCount": 9, "entered": [ "innio" ], "left": [ "catl" ], "jaccard": 0.8181818181818182 }, "functionalCoverage": { "large-gas-turbines": [ "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "siemens-energy" ], "engines-and-backup": [ "caterpillar", "cummins", "innio", "rolls-royce-power-systems" ], "nuclear-equipment-and-services": [ "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "westinghouse" ], "fuel-cells": [ "bloom" ], "stationary-battery-systems": [ "tesla-energy" ], "stationary-battery-cells": [] }, "constraintCheck": { "companyCount": 10, "withinLimit": true, "baseConstraintsSatisfied": false, "departuresFromBaseParameters": [ { "function": "stationary-battery-cells", "required": 1, "observed": 0 } ] } }, { "name": "power_business_scope", "assumption": "Broaden the function to industrial gas machinery. Baker Hughes remains commercial, but its larger IET revenue is not pure generating equipment.", "selectedCompanyIds": [ "ge-vernova", "siemens-energy", "mitsubishi-heavy", "caterpillar", "cummins", "baker-hughes", "westinghouse", "bloom", "tesla-energy", "catl" ], "stability": { "retainedCount": 9, "entered": [ "baker-hughes" ], "left": [ "rolls-royce-power-systems" ], "jaccard": 0.8181818181818182 }, "functionalCoverage": { "large-gas-turbines": [ "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "siemens-energy" ], "engines-and-backup": [ "baker-hughes", "caterpillar", "cummins" ], "nuclear-equipment-and-services": [ "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "westinghouse" ], "fuel-cells": [ "bloom" ], "stationary-battery-systems": [ "tesla-energy" ], "stationary-battery-cells": [ "catl" ] }, "constraintCheck": { "companyCount": 10, "withinLimit": true, "baseConstraintsSatisfied": true, "departuresFromBaseParameters": [] } }, { "name": "energy_engines_alternative", "assumption": "Use Wärtsilä’s EUR 2,149 million LTM Energy sales as the engine representative. Scope and currency differences preclude a unique order.", "selectedCompanyIds": [ "ge-vernova", "siemens-energy", "mitsubishi-heavy", "caterpillar", "cummins", "wartsila", "westinghouse", "bloom", "tesla-energy", "catl" ], "stability": { "retainedCount": 9, "entered": [ "wartsila" ], "left": [ "rolls-royce-power-systems" ], "jaccard": 0.8181818181818182 }, "functionalCoverage": { "large-gas-turbines": [ "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "siemens-energy" ], "engines-and-backup": [ "caterpillar", "cummins", "wartsila" ], "nuclear-equipment-and-services": [ "ge-vernova", "mitsubishi-heavy", "westinghouse" ], "fuel-cells": [ "bloom" ], "stationary-battery-systems": [ "tesla-energy" ], "stationary-battery-cells": [ "catl" ] }, "constraintCheck": { "companyCount": 10, "withinLimit": true, "baseConstraintsSatisfied": true, "departuresFromBaseParameters": [] } }, { "name": "RR_rounded_share_and_FX", "assumption": "Power-generation mix 54% rounded to nearest percentage point implies [53.5%,54.5%). Multiply GBP 4,892m by those bounds. FX values below are deliberately chosen stress assumptions, not observed exchange rates.", "calculation": { "centralGBP": 2641.6800000000003, "lowerGBP": 2617.2200000000003, "upperGBP": 2666.1400000000003, "assumedUSDperGBP": [ 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 ], "usdIntervals": [ [ 2617.2200000000003, 2666.1400000000003 ], [ 3140.664, 3199.3680000000004 ], [ 3664.108, 3732.596 ], [ 4187.552000000001, 4265.8240000000005 ] ], "innioHistoricalUSD": 2636.8 }, "conclusion": "The comparison overlaps INNIO at parity and changes with measure scope. It does not establish a unique last engine position." } ], "changesVersusPrior": { "priorIds": [ "ge-vernova", "siemens-energy", "baker-hughes", "mitsubishi-heavy", "tesla-energy", "caterpillar", "cummins", "rolls-royce-power-systems", "doosan-enerbility", "innio" ], "added": [ "bloom", "catl", "westinghouse" ], "removedFromTopTen": [ "baker-hughes", "doosan-enerbility", "innio" ] }, "directoryDisposition": "Previously published companies remain in the researched directory. Removal from a selected ten is not a finding that a business has ceased or is unimportant.", "cutoffPolicy": "The tenth display position is not a statistically established rank. Listed alternatives can substitute when scope or coverage preferences change. Require two consecutive quarterly evidence observations for marginal scale-driven replacements; correct identity errors, closures and major completed acquisitions immediately.", "limitations": [ "The global discovery universe is wider than the completed quantitative comparator set. Unresolved candidates prevent a claim of exhaustive global top-ten dominance.", "Several measures describe all electricity, fuels or equipment rather than an identifiable AI-only component. Do not multiply them by global AI or data-center shares.", "Reported, estimated and editorial inputs are separated; sensitivity scenarios are not probabilistic confidence intervals.", "Some historical filings remain supported by inspected retained extracts; their original access dates were not renewed.", "The list is a learning and coverage tool. It predicts neither equity returns nor emerging bottlenecks." ], "refresh": { "monitoring": "Daily at 12:00 America/New_York with one catch-up pass; record source checks and changed claims, not a blanket renewed verification date.", "reselection": "Quarterly, plus material corporate or operating events.", "entry": "Document commercial eligibility, canonical identity, current evidence and a measurable or functional contribution missing from the current set.", "exit": "Ceased qualifying activity, completed controlling merger/duplicate, scope correction, or a durable superior coverage alternative.", "approval": "Independent integration and rendered review remain pending. These files do not deploy or mark records verified." }, "baseConstraintCheck": { "companyCount": 10, "withinLimit": true, "baseConstraintsSatisfied": true, "departuresFromBaseParameters": [] }, "sourceMapping": "Each nonzero function assignment is supported by the corresponding packet products, segments and cited source records, or the explicit challenger-observations entry. This is a categorical evidence classification; it is not a measured numerical score.", "scenarioInterpretation": "Scenarios flagged as departing from base parameters change scope, geography or coverage targets. They are not claimed to satisfy the unchanged base problem. Retention/Jaccard are deterministic overlap measures, not probabilities of correctness.", "layer": "energy", "publicationInterpretation": "This is an evidence-backed representative selection. 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