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(EuroSibEnergo)","reachPct":0.09243,"importance":0.0231075,"importanceRank":80,"functions":[{"id":"united-states","weight":0.45,"sharePct":0,"shareLowPct":0,"shareHighPct":0,"stale":false,"offBasis":false,"level":null,"years":null,"disagreement":false},{"id":"china","weight":0.25,"sharePct":0,"shareLowPct":0,"shareHighPct":0,"stale":false,"offBasis":false,"level":null,"years":null,"disagreement":false},{"id":"europe","weight":0.15,"sharePct":0,"shareLowPct":0,"shareHighPct":0,"stale":false,"offBasis":false,"level":null,"years":null,"disagreement":false},{"id":"rest-of-world","weight":0.15,"sharePct":0.6162,"shareLowPct":0.40053,"shareHighPct":0.83187,"stale":false,"offBasis":true,"level":1,"years":0.25,"disagreement":false,"defaultLevel":true}],"rising":null,"risingEligible":false,"risingComponents":{},"mc":{"medianRank":78,"rankP10":74,"rankP90":80,"pTop8":0,"pSelected":0,"stability":"borderline"},"baselineRevenueRank":null},{"entityId":"bc-hydro","name":"BC 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(incl. Edison)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.1327,"central":0.2212,"high":0.3097,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ml-eu.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/4dcf6acb-a930-42a0-bf74-7b29bcbc2eeb","title":"EDF 2025 annual results (issuer-distributed release)","publisher":"EDF (via GlobeNewswire)","publishedDate":"2026-02-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"'Electricity output: 515TWh (including 373TWh of nuclear in France)'; nuclear output in France up 11.3 TWh to 373.0 TWh; hydropower output down 9.1 TWh to 46.4 TWh; wind and solar output up 2.1% to 29.2 TWh; UK nuclear output down 4.4 TWh"},"note":"Judgment (T5). EDF's North American wind and solar (EDF power solutions, which EDF agreed on 30 June 2026 to sell to KKR) is taken as about 10 TWh: of the 59.2 TWh not itemised in the release, wind and solar are 29.2 TWh group-wide and roughly a third is judged North American; range 6-14. Share = 10 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"low":0.0567,"central":0.0624,"high":0.0681,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnp.com.cn/cgnp/c100744/2026-03/25/686364f216074f17a519f244025996e3/files/9437ca4db212473ba55ed058947d933a.pdf","title":"中国广核电力股份有限公司2025年年度报告（A股） (CGN Power 2025 annual report, A-share)","publisher":"中国广核电力股份有限公司 (CGN Power)","publishedDate":"2026-03-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 16: Taishan nuclear plant grid supply 219.76 亿千瓦时 in 2025; p. 195: minority holders own 30.00% of Taishan Nuclear; EDF International is named as a minority shareholder"},"note":"Derived: EDF's 30% of the two Taishan EPR units. Taishan delivered 21.976 TWh to the grid in 2025 (CGN Power annual report, T1); the report shows minority holders with 30.00% of Taishan and names EDF International among its minority shareholders, so EDF's stake is taken as 30%: 0.30 × 21.976 = 6.6 TWh. The inference that the 30% is EDF's is 5LayerCake's. Share = 6.6 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"europe":{"low":13.6988,"central":14.7502,"high":15.321,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ml-eu.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/4dcf6acb-a930-42a0-bf74-7b29bcbc2eeb","title":"EDF 2025 annual results (issuer-distributed release)","publisher":"EDF (via GlobeNewswire)","publishedDate":"2026-02-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T2","locator":"'Electricity output: 515TWh (including 373TWh of nuclear in France)'; nuclear output in France up 11.3 TWh to 373.0 TWh; hydropower output down 9.1 TWh to 46.4 TWh; wind and solar output up 2.1% to 29.2 TWh; UK nuclear output down 4.4 TWh"},"note":"Sourced part: French nuclear 373.0 TWh and French hydro 46.4 TWh (company, FY2025) plus UK nuclear 36.4 TWh (Ember national statistics; all UK nuclear stations are EDF's; the company's 4.4 TWh fall in UK nuclear output agrees with Ember's 40.6 to 36.4), a floor of 455.8 TWh. Group output was 515 TWh, so 59.2 TWh is left: wind and solar 29.2 TWh and other output 30.0 TWh (Edison and Luminus plants, French thermal, Brazilian gas). Judgment: 60% of that remainder is in Europe (17.5 + 18.0 = 35.5 TWh), the rest in the US (10 TWh) and elsewhere (14 TWh). Europe = 455.8 + 35.5 = 491.3, taken as 491; range 456 (the floor) to 510. Share = 491 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0601,"central":0.1052,"high":0.1653,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ml-eu.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/4dcf6acb-a930-42a0-bf74-7b29bcbc2eeb","title":"EDF 2025 annual results (issuer-distributed release)","publisher":"EDF (via GlobeNewswire)","publishedDate":"2026-02-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"'Electricity output: 515TWh (including 373TWh of nuclear in France)'; nuclear output in France up 11.3 TWh to 373.0 TWh; hydropower output down 9.1 TWh to 46.4 TWh; wind and solar output up 2.1% to 29.2 TWh; UK nuclear output down 4.4 TWh"},"note":"Judgment (T5). The 14 TWh left after Europe (491), the US (10) and Taishan is taken for Brazil (Norte Fluminense gas plant; its PPA ended in December 2024 and a sale was signed in late 2025), the Middle East and Africa; the release gives no regional output. Range 8-22. Share = 14 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"priorShares":{"europe":{"low":13.8283,"central":14.885,"high":15.4587,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ml-eu.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/4dcf6acb-a930-42a0-bf74-7b29bcbc2eeb","title":"EDF 2025 annual results (issuer-distributed release)","publisher":"EDF (via GlobeNewswire)","publishedDate":"2026-02-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T2","locator":"'Electricity output: 515TWh (including 373TWh of nuclear in France)'; nuclear output in France up 11.3 TWh to 373.0 TWh; hydropower output down 9.1 TWh to 46.4 TWh; wind and solar output up 2.1% to 29.2 TWh; UK nuclear output down 4.4 TWh"},"note":"2024 reconstructed from the 2025 release: French nuclear 361.7 TWh (373.0 less the 11.3 TWh rise), French hydro 55.5 TWh (46.4 plus the 9.1 TWh fall), UK nuclear 40.6 TWh (Ember), a floor of 457.8 TWh; wind and solar 28.6 TWh (29.2 less 2.1%) and other output assumed at the 2025 level of 30.0 TWh, 60% of both in Europe (17.2 + 18.0 = 35.2). 457.8 + 35.2 = 493.0. Share = 493 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,312 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"united-states":{"low":0.1366,"central":0.2277,"high":0.3188,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ml-eu.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/4dcf6acb-a930-42a0-bf74-7b29bcbc2eeb","title":"EDF 2025 annual results (issuer-distributed release)","publisher":"EDF (via GlobeNewswire)","publishedDate":"2026-02-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"'Electricity output: 515TWh (including 373TWh of nuclear in France)'; nuclear output in France up 11.3 TWh to 373.0 TWh; hydropower output down 9.1 TWh to 46.4 TWh; wind and solar output up 2.1% to 29.2 TWh; UK nuclear output down 4.4 TWh"},"note":"Judgment (T5): held at the 2025 assumption of 10 TWh; the release says 2024 saw large power-plant sales in the US, so the true 2024 figure may differ. Share = 10 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"low":0.0615,"central":0.0674,"high":0.0734,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnp.com.cn/cgnp/c100744/2026-03/25/686364f216074f17a519f244025996e3/files/9437ca4db212473ba55ed058947d933a.pdf","title":"中国广核电力股份有限公司2025年年度报告（A股） (CGN Power 2025 annual report, A-share)","publisher":"中国广核电力股份有限公司 (CGN Power)","publishedDate":"2026-03-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 16: Taishan plant grid supply 227.70 亿千瓦时 in 2024 (comparative column)"},"note":"Derived: 30% × 22.770 TWh (Taishan grid supply 2024, CGN Power annual report 2025, T1) = 6.8 TWh; same inference about EDF's 30% as for 2025. Share = 6.8 TWh ÷ China generation 10,087 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.061,"central":0.1067,"high":0.1677,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ml-eu.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/4dcf6acb-a930-42a0-bf74-7b29bcbc2eeb","title":"EDF 2025 annual results (issuer-distributed release)","publisher":"EDF (via GlobeNewswire)","publishedDate":"2026-02-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"'Electricity output: 515TWh (including 373TWh of nuclear in France)'; nuclear output in France up 11.3 TWh to 373.0 TWh; hydropower output down 9.1 TWh to 46.4 TWh; wind and solar output up 2.1% to 29.2 TWh; UK nuclear output down 4.4 TWh"},"note":"Judgment (T5): held at the same 14 TWh. Share = 14 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,123 TWh (world 30,913 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":485,"central":485,"high":485,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Reported output components (French nuclear, French hydro, group wind and solar, UK nuclear), calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ml-eu.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/4dcf6acb-a930-42a0-bf74-7b29bcbc2eeb","title":"EDF 2025 annual results (issuer-distributed release)","publisher":"EDF (via GlobeNewswire)","publishedDate":"2026-02-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T2","locator":"'Electricity output: 515TWh (including 373TWh of nuclear in France)'; nuclear output in France up 11.3 TWh to 373.0 TWh; hydropower output down 9.1 TWh to 46.4 TWh; wind and solar output up 2.1% to 29.2 TWh; UK nuclear output down 4.4 TWh"},"note":"Components the company reports: French nuclear 373.0 + French hydro 46.4 + group wind and solar 29.2 TWh, plus UK nuclear 36.4 TWh (Ember)."},"prior":{"low":486.4,"central":486.4,"high":486.4,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Reported output components (French nuclear, French hydro, group wind and solar, UK nuclear), calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ml-eu.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/4dcf6acb-a930-42a0-bf74-7b29bcbc2eeb","title":"EDF 2025 annual results (issuer-distributed release)","publisher":"EDF (via GlobeNewswire)","publishedDate":"2026-02-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T2","locator":"'Electricity output: 515TWh (including 373TWh of nuclear in France)'; nuclear output in France up 11.3 TWh to 373.0 TWh; hydropower output down 9.1 TWh to 46.4 TWh; wind and solar output up 2.1% to 29.2 TWh; UK nuclear output down 4.4 TWh"},"note":"Same components in 2024: French nuclear 361.7 + French hydro 55.5 + wind and solar 28.6 TWh, plus UK nuclear 40.6 TWh (Ember). The release gives only the changes (+11.3, -9.1, +2.1%, -4.4), from which the 2024 values are derived."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"china":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"europe":{"levelLow":3,"levelHigh":5},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"e2d17170e940118d2398497e39a30e4389df8fa64ab66862a2032e723f2d2f88"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"e2d17170e940118d2398497e39a30e4389df8fa64ab66862a2032e723f2d2f88"}}},"constellation":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"constellation","name":"Constellation Energy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":6.3277,"central":6.7238,"high":7.0136,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827526000032/ceg-20251231.htm","title":"Constellation Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Constellation Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 1: 'total owned sources of electric supply of 204,944 GWhs and 208,434 GWhs for 2025 and 2024' (proportionate ownership); Calpine: 'approximately 23 GWs' after divestitures, of which 21 GWs natural gas and about 730 MWs geothermal"},"note":"Owned generation 204.944 TWh (10-K, T1, 2025, proportionate ownership) plus Calpine 99 TWh (T5 derivation). Calpine (acquired 7 January 2026, credited to Constellation per the register) is added on a pro forma basis. The 10-K gives 21 GW of gas plants and about 730 MW of geothermal (The Geysers). Gas: 21 GW × 0.524 × 8.76 = 96.4 TWh, where 0.524 is the 2025 US combined-cycle capacity factor from EIA-923/860 (1,510.7 TWh ÷ 328.9 GW nameplate); geothermal: 0.73 GW × 0.441 (US geothermal capacity factor, EIA) × 8.76 = 2.8 TWh. Calpine total 99 TWh, range 81-112 TWh (combined-cycle capacity factor 0.43-0.60). Cross-check: Calpine-named entities alone show 44.6 TWh in EIA-923, which understates the fleet because most plants carry project-company names. No Calpine volume could be opened. Share = 303.9 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827526000032/ceg-20251231.htm","title":"Constellation Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Constellation Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827526000032/ceg-20251231.htm","title":"Constellation Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Constellation Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 list generating plants in US power regions; UK activity is energy trading and retail reported under Other, not generation"}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0123,"central":0.018,"high":0.0354,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827526000032/ceg-20251231.htm","title":"Constellation Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for 2025","publisher":"Constellation Energy Corporation","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 2, Properties, table 'Other': 'Grand Prairie, Alberta, Canada, 1 unit, Gas, Peaking, 105 MWs'; Item 1 map footnote (b): 'Does not reflect Grand Prairie Generating Station (Gas/Other), located in Alberta, Canada'; MD&A liquidity, Calpine acquisition: 'Greenfield LP (Greenfield) loan facility ... secured ... primarily the Greenfield Energy Center in Ontario, Canada'"},"note":"Judgment (T5). The 10-K names two Canadian plants. (1) Grand Prairie Generating Station, Alberta, Canada: 1 unit, gas, peaking, 105 MW, 100% owned (Item 2 table, 'Other' region; footnote (b) to the fleet map says the map does not show it). Output assumed at a peaking-plant capacity factor of 0.25 (range 0.10-0.40): 105 MW × 0.25 × 8.76 = 0.23 TWh (range 0.10-0.40). (2) Greenfield Energy Center, Ontario, Canada, a Calpine plant: the 10-K lists the Greenfield LP loan facility secured by it among the project financings assumed in the January 2026 Calpine acquisition and gives no capacity or ownership. Capacity of 1,005 MW and a 50:50 Calpine/Mitsui partnership come from the 2008 Industrial Info release (https://www.industrialinfo.com/news/article/calpine-set-to-commence-full-commercial-operation-of-greenfield-energy-centre-in-canada--139919: a 50:50 joint venture between Calpine Canada Power and Mitsui); the current stake is not confirmed, so the central value uses 50% and the high end 100%. Output = capacity × 50% × Canadian gas capacity factor 0.490 (Ember, Canada 2025: gas generation ÷ (27.19 GW × 8.76)) × 8.76 = 2.16 TWh; low uses a capacity factor of 0.35, high uses 100% ownership. Total 2.39 TWh (range 1.64-4.71). Share = 2.39 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024). The United States figure above still contains these Canadian plants (the 204.9 TWh owned supply includes Grand Prairie, and the Calpine fleet estimate includes Greenfield), an overlap of about 1% of that figure, well inside its range."}},"priorShares":{"united-states":{"low":6.5816,"central":7.0007,"high":7.2876,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827526000032/ceg-20251231.htm","title":"Constellation Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Constellation Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 1: 'total owned sources of electric supply of 204,944 GWhs and 208,434 GWhs for 2025 and 2024' (proportionate ownership); Calpine: 'approximately 23 GWs' after divestitures, of which 21 GWs natural gas and about 730 MWs geothermal"},"note":"Owned generation 208.434 TWh (10-K, T1, 2024) plus Calpine, held at the same 99 TWh because no 2024 Calpine volume could be opened (so any change in the Calpine fleet is not captured). Calpine (acquired 7 January 2026, credited to Constellation per the register) is added on a pro forma basis. The 10-K gives 21 GW of gas plants and about 730 MW of geothermal (The Geysers). Gas: 21 GW × 0.524 × 8.76 = 96.4 TWh, where 0.524 is the 2025 US combined-cycle capacity factor from EIA-923/860 (1,510.7 TWh ÷ 328.9 GW nameplate); geothermal: 0.73 GW × 0.441 (US geothermal capacity factor, EIA) × 8.76 = 2.8 TWh. Calpine total 99 TWh, range 81-112 TWh (combined-cycle capacity factor 0.43-0.60). Share = 307.4 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0108,"central":0.0172,"high":0.0339,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827526000032/ceg-20251231.htm","title":"Constellation Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for 2025","publisher":"Constellation Energy Corporation","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"Same plants as the 2025 observation (Item 2 table 'Other', Grand Prairie 105 MW; Greenfield Energy Center loan facility). No 2024 volumes were opened, so the capacity is held and the capacity factor is the 2024 Canadian one"},"note":"Judgment (T5). The 10-K names two Canadian plants. (1) Grand Prairie Generating Station, Alberta, Canada: 1 unit, gas, peaking, 105 MW, 100% owned (Item 2 table, 'Other' region; footnote (b) to the fleet map says the map does not show it). Output assumed at a peaking-plant capacity factor of 0.25 (range 0.10-0.40): 105 MW × 0.25 × 8.76 = 0.23 TWh (range 0.10-0.40). (2) Greenfield Energy Center, Ontario, Canada, a Calpine plant: the 10-K lists the Greenfield LP loan facility secured by it among the project financings assumed in the January 2026 Calpine acquisition and gives no capacity or ownership. Capacity of 1,005 MW and a 50:50 Calpine/Mitsui partnership come from the 2008 Industrial Info release (https://www.industrialinfo.com/news/article/calpine-set-to-commence-full-commercial-operation-of-greenfield-energy-centre-in-canada--139919: a 50:50 joint venture between Calpine Canada Power and Mitsui); the current stake is not confirmed, so the central value uses 50% and the high end 100%. Output = capacity × 50% × Canadian gas capacity factor 0.460 (Ember, Canada 2024: gas generation ÷ (27.19 GW × 8.76)) × 8.76 = 2.03 TWh; low uses a capacity factor of 0.30, high uses 100% ownership. Total 2.26 TWh (range 1.42-4.45). Share = 2.26 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,123.0 TWh (world less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024). The United States figure above still contains these Canadian plants (the 204.9 TWh owned supply includes Grand Prairie, and the Calpine fleet estimate includes Greenfield), an overlap of about 1% of that figure, well inside its range."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":286,"central":303.9,"high":317,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Owned net generation incl. Calpine pro forma, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827526000032/ceg-20251231.htm","title":"Constellation Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Constellation Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 1: 'total owned sources of electric supply of 204,944 GWhs and 208,434 GWhs for 2025 and 2024' (proportionate ownership); Calpine: 'approximately 23 GWs' after divestitures, of which 21 GWs natural gas and about 730 MWs geothermal"},"note":"Pro forma including Calpine at 99 TWh (see the share note)."},"prior":{"low":289,"central":307.4,"high":320,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Owned net generation incl. Calpine pro forma, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827526000032/ceg-20251231.htm","title":"Constellation Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Constellation Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 1: 'total owned sources of electric supply of 204,944 GWhs and 208,434 GWhs for 2025 and 2024' (proportionate ownership); Calpine: 'approximately 23 GWs' after divestitures, of which 21 GWs natural gas and about 730 MWs geothermal"},"note":"Pro forma including Calpine at the same 99 TWh."}},"committedExpansion":{"low":0.021,"central":0.021,"high":0.021,"unit":"ratio","basis":"Annual output of the signed Crane restart ÷ 2025 pro forma generation (303.9 TWh)","period":"Crane restart (PPA signed 2024)","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827526000032/ceg-20251231.htm","title":"Constellation Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Constellation Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1, Crane Clean Energy Center: 'approximately 835 MWs of emissions-free capacity' once operational (restart supported by a 20-year PPA with Microsoft)"},"note":"The 10-K says the Crane restart (Three Mile Island Unit 1) will add about 835 MW under a 20-year PPA with Microsoft, subject to regulatory approvals. Annual output: 0.835 GW × 0.864 (2025 US nuclear capacity factor, EIA-923/860: 785.3 TWh ÷ 103.7 GW) × 8.76 = 6.3 TWh. Current annual activity: 303.9 TWh (pro forma with Calpine). 6.3 ÷ 303.9 = 0.021. Announced uprates and new-build plans are not counted because the 10-K gives no capacity for them."},"baselineRevenueUsd":{"low":25533000000,"central":25533000000,"high":25533000000,"unit":"USD","basis":"Total revenue, fiscal year, US dollars","period":"FY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000186827526000032/ceg-20251231.htm","title":"Constellation Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Constellation Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"MD&A results of operations: Total operating revenues $25,533 million (2025)"},"note":"Total operating revenues of Constellation Energy Corporation, FY2025, in US dollars (no conversion). Includes retail supply; excludes Calpine, which joined in January 2026."},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"d1eb0ca7b1c6cbcae535ebea620c562cbed4052b29055f168d589974356ab67f"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"d1eb0ca7b1c6cbcae535ebea620c562cbed4052b29055f168d589974356ab67f"}}},"nextera":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"nextera","name":"NextEra Energy (FPL, NextEra Energy Resources)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":5.3918,"central":5.4361,"high":5.6485,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/753308/000075330826000015/nee-20251231.htm","title":"NextEra Energy, Inc. and Florida Power & Light Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NextEra Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-13","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1, NEER: 'During 2025, NEER generated approximately 121 million MWh ... for generation facilities in which it has an ownership interest'; NEER 'operates facilities, in which it has partial or full ownership interests, with a total generating capacity of approximately 45,680 MW' and has 'approximately 37,505 MW of total net generating capacity' (360 MW of it in 4 Canadian provinces); wind: operated 27,855 MW, net 22,404 MW; solar: operated 12,794 MW, net 10,504 MW. FPL: EIA-923/860 (not in the filing)"},"note":"FPL (and Gulf Power) 147.4 TWh from EIA-923 (Florida Power & Light Co 146.9 + Gulf Power Co 0.5), plus NEER's ownership-adjusted generation. NEER's 121 TWh (10-K, T1) is the output of the facilities in which it has an ownership interest, that is 100% of each plant including noncontrolling and joint-venture interests; the 10-K does not state it by ownership share. To put it on the card's ownership basis it is scaled by the ratio of net to operated capacity in the same 10-K: 37,505 MW ÷ 45,680 MW = 0.821, so 121 × 0.821 = 99.3 TWh. (Wind alone is 22,404 ÷ 27,855 = 0.804 and solar 10,504 ÷ 12,794 = 0.821; nuclear is higher, since Point Beach is wholly owned and Seabrook mostly (1,102 MW net, excluding 147 MW owned by others), so the range runs from 97.3 TWh at the wind ratio to 108.9 TWh at a ratio of 0.90, which allows for nuclear and gas carrying more output than their capacity share.) The scaling assumes owned and non-owned capacity have equal capacity factors. The Canadian part of NEER (360 MW net in 4 provinces, counted in rest of world: about 1.04 TWh) is removed: 147.4 + 99.3 − 1.04 = 245.7 TWh (low 243.7, high 255.3). This replaces the earlier 268.4 TWh, which used the unadjusted 121 TWh and left Canada in the US. Share = 245.7 TWh ÷ US generation 4,519.79 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/753308/000075330826000015/nee-20251231.htm","title":"NextEra Energy, Inc. and Florida Power & Light Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NextEra Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-13","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1, NEER: facilities are located in 23 US states and 4 Canadian provinces; no Chinese assets are described"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/753308/000075330826000015/nee-20251231.htm","title":"NextEra Energy, Inc. and Florida Power & Light Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NextEra Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-13","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1, NEER: facilities are located in 23 US states and 4 Canadian provinces; no European generation is described"}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0066,"central":0.0078,"high":0.009,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/753308/000075330826000015/nee-20251231.htm","title":"NextEra Energy, Inc. and Florida Power & Light Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NextEra Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-13","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 1, NEER: 'approximately 37,145 MW of net generating capacity across 44 states and 360 MW of net generating capacity in 4 Canadian provinces'; wind facilities 'located in 23 states in the U.S. and 4 provinces in Canada'"},"note":"Judgment (T5) on output; the capacity is from the filing. The 10-K says NEER has 360 MW of net (ownership-share) generating capacity in 4 Canadian provinces; its Canadian assets are wind facilities (the filing lists Canada under wind). Output = 0.36 GW × 0.331 × 8.76 = 1.04 TWh, where 0.331 is the Canadian wind capacity factor for 2025 (Ember, Canada wind 51.48 TWh ÷ (17.74 GW × 8.76)); range 0.88-1.2 TWh for capacity factors of 0.28-0.38. This replaces the earlier assumption of 3.2 TWh (4% of the fleet, 1.1 GW), which the filing's 360 MW contradicts. Share = 1.04 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"committedExpansion":{"low":0.21,"central":0.21,"high":0.21,"unit":"ratio","basis":"Annual generation from signed wind and solar backlog (2026-2032 in-service) ÷ 2025 generation (246.7 TWh, FPL plus NEER ownership-adjusted)","period":"Backlog at 24 July 2026","periodEnd":"2026-07-24","source":{"url":"https://www.investor.nexteraenergy.com/~/media/Files/N/NEE-IR/reports-and-fillings/quarterly-earnings/2026/Q2%202026/Q2%202026%20Earnings%20Slides_vF.pdf","title":"NextEra Energy second-quarter 2026 earnings conference call slides","publisher":"NextEra Energy, Inc.","publishedDate":"2026-07-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T2","locator":"Slide 16: 'NextEra Energy Resources' backlog stands at ~35.1 GW' (as of 24 July 2026); table of 2026-2032 backlog by technology: wind 3.3 + 2.7 + 0.6 GW, solar 10.2 + 5.3 + 1.0 GW, battery storage 7.9 + 4.4 + 0.6 GW, nuclear 0.6 GW"},"note":"Company says NextEra Energy Resources' backlog (signed long-term PPAs and build-own-transfer projects) was about 35.1 GW at 24 July 2026; the slide's 2026-2032 table splits it into wind 6.6 GW (3.3 + 2.7 + 0.6) and solar 16.5 GW (10.2 + 5.3 + 1.0), plus battery storage 12.9 GW and nuclear 0.6 GW, which add no generation counted here. Annual output from the wind and solar backlog: 6.6 GW × 0.329 × 8.76 + 16.5 GW × 0.221 × 8.76 = 19.0 + 31.9 = 50.9 TWh, using 2025 US capacity factors from EIA-923/860 (wind 460.5 TWh ÷ 159.6 GW; utility solar PV 295.6 TWh ÷ 152.9 GW nameplate). Current annual activity: 246.7 TWh (FPL 147.4 TWh from EIA plus NEER 121 TWh from the 10-K scaled to ownership by 37,505 MW ÷ 45,680 MW = 0.821, the same figure as in the share note, including NEER's Canadian wind). 50.9 ÷ 246.7 = 0.21. The slide does not say whether the backlog GW are on an ownership basis."},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"1377fd49e5d8b363e15cd2d09802a5a8ac5c83fa62d47c26316f0d553dbab55c"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"1377fd49e5d8b363e15cd2d09802a5a8ac5c83fa62d47c26316f0d553dbab55c"}}},"duke":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"duke","name":"Duke Energy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":4.7626,"central":4.7626,"high":4.7626,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; the unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC 84.2; Duke Energy Progress - (NC) 62.8; Duke Energy Florida, LLC 43.6. The 10-K reports generation only as percentage shares by source (EU&I: natural gas and oil 33.5%, nuclear 27.5%, coal 14.5%, hydro and solar 2.0% of total sources of energy), not as a total. Share = 215.26 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326160/000132616026000014/duk-20251231.htm","title":"Duke Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Duke Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-26","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326160/000132616026000014/duk-20251231.htm","title":"Duke Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Duke Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-26","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326160/000132616026000014/duk-20251231.htm","title":"Duke Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Duke Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-26","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}}},"priorShares":{"united-states":{"low":4.9036,"central":4.9036,"high":4.9036,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Sum of 2024 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; the unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC 84.4; Duke Energy Progress - (NC) 61.9; Duke Energy Florida, LLC 43.5. Share = 215.32 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":215.26,"central":215.26,"high":215.26,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net electricity generation of Duke Energy Carolinas, Progress, Florida, Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923 plant output allocated by EIA-860 ownership)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Same EIA-923/860 owner sum as the 2025 share. Duke Energy Carolinas, Progress, Florida, Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky."},"prior":{"low":215.32,"central":215.32,"high":215.32,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net electricity generation of Duke Energy Carolinas, Progress, Florida, Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923 plant output allocated by EIA-860 ownership)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Same method on the 2024 final EIA-923 and EIA-860 files. Duke Energy Carolinas, Progress, Florida, Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"0be6a4c5d76a2e1be0105d869599889e0141cff8c060b8938eefbc762fb58881"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"0be6a4c5d76a2e1be0105d869599889e0141cff8c060b8938eefbc762fb58881"}}},"southern":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"southern","name":"Southern Company","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":3.9205,"central":4.2259,"high":4.4383,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/92122/000009212226000006/so-20251231.htm","title":"The Southern Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"The Southern Company (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 7, Southern Company system: 'Total generation (in billions of KWHs)' 191 (2025) and 188 (2024), excluding test-period energy at Plant Vogtle Unit 4"},"note":"10-K figure 191 TWh is central. The EIA-923/860 owner-share sum for Georgia Power, Alabama Power, Mississippi Power, Southern Power and Gulf Power gives 177.2 TWh, which sets the low end; the high end is the 10-K figure plus 5%. Share = 191 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/92122/000009212226000006/so-20251231.htm","title":"The Southern Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"The Southern Company (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/92122/000009212226000006/so-20251231.htm","title":"The Southern Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"The Southern Company (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/92122/000009212226000006/so-20251231.htm","title":"The Southern Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"The Southern Company (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}}},"priorShares":{"united-states":{"low":3.974,"central":4.2815,"high":4.4955,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/92122/000009212226000006/so-20251231.htm","title":"The Southern Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"The Southern Company (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 7, Southern Company system: 'Total generation (in billions of KWHs)' 191 (2025) and 188 (2024), excluding test-period energy at Plant Vogtle Unit 4"},"note":"10-K figure 188 TWh for 2024 is central; the EIA owner-share sum for 2024 (174.5 TWh) sets the low end and the high end is the 10-K figure plus 5%. Share = 188 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":177.2,"central":191,"high":200.6,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Southern Company system total generation, calendar year, TWh (10-K)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/92122/000009212226000006/so-20251231.htm","title":"The Southern Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"The Southern Company (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 7, Southern Company system: 'Total generation (in billions of KWHs)' 191 (2025) and 188 (2024), excluding test-period energy at Plant Vogtle Unit 4"},"note":"Southern Company system total generation."},"prior":{"low":174.5,"central":188,"high":197.4,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Southern Company system total generation, calendar year, TWh (10-K)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/92122/000009212226000006/so-20251231.htm","title":"The Southern Company, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"The Southern Company (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 7, Southern Company system: 'Total generation (in billions of KWHs)' 191 (2025) and 188 (2024), excluding test-period energy at Plant Vogtle Unit 4"},"note":"Southern Company system total generation, 2024 column of the same table."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"0b0811fe7db0270ac0a149cb6faf8a1dd702609bd00c845e8726cdd0594af9d3"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"0b0811fe7db0270ac0a149cb6faf8a1dd702609bd00c845e8726cdd0594af9d3"}}},"vistra":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"vistra","name":"Vistra","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":4.606,"central":4.606,"high":4.606,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 7, segment results 'Production volumes (GWh)': Texas 47,755+22,673+20,059+799; East 62,870+19,505+32,203+227; West 2,092"},"note":"Sum of the three segments' production volumes (gas, lignite/coal, nuclear, solar), FY2025; consolidated basis. Share = 208.183 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}}},"priorShares":{"united-states":{"low":4.4696,"central":4.4696,"high":4.4696,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 7, segment results 'Production volumes (GWh)', 2024 column: Texas 44,595+23,307+19,670+757; East 60,279+16,938+26,540+0; West 4,175"},"note":"Sum of the three segments' 2024 production volumes (gas, lignite/coal, nuclear, solar) in the same table, consolidated basis. East includes Energy Harbor for ten months of 2024 (twelve in 2025), so part of the 2025 increase is the extra two months. Share = 196.261 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":208.183,"central":208.183,"high":208.183,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Consolidated net production volumes, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 7, segment results 'Production volumes (GWh)': Texas 47,755+22,673+20,059+799; East 62,870+19,505+32,203+227; West 2,092 (2025)"},"note":"Consolidated production volumes, 2025."},"prior":{"low":196.261,"central":196.261,"high":196.261,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Consolidated net production volumes, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 7, segment results 'Production volumes (GWh)', 2024 column: Texas 44,595+23,307+19,670+757; East 60,279+16,938+26,540+0; West 4,175"},"note":"Consolidated production volumes, 2024 (Energy Harbor included for ten months)."}},"baselineRevenueUsd":{"low":17738000000,"central":17738000000,"high":17738000000,"unit":"USD","basis":"Total revenue, fiscal year, US dollars","period":"FY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 7 / Note 21 segment table: Vistra Consolidated operating revenues $17,738 million (2025)"},"note":"Operating revenues of Vistra Corp., FY2025, in US dollars (no conversion). Includes retail."},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"b2a87fda9ba33a07bd8f7279b4f7449b832cf6d149bc256acbf56aed55a57d12"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"b2a87fda9ba33a07bd8f7279b4f7449b832cf6d149bc256acbf56aed55a57d12"}}},"tva":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"tva","name":"Tennessee Valley Authority","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":3.001,"central":3.001,"high":3.001,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; the unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Tennessee Valley Authority 135.6. Share = 135.64 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}}},"priorShares":{"united-states":{"low":3.0733,"central":3.0733,"high":3.0733,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Sum of 2024 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; the unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Tennessee Valley Authority 135.0. Share = 134.95 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":135.64,"central":135.64,"high":135.64,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net electricity generation of Tennessee Valley Authority plants, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923 plant output allocated by EIA-860 ownership)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Same EIA-923/860 owner sum as the 2025 share. Tennessee Valley Authority plants."},"prior":{"low":134.95,"central":134.95,"high":134.95,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net electricity generation of Tennessee Valley Authority plants, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923 plant output allocated by EIA-860 ownership)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Same method on the 2024 final EIA-923 and EIA-860 files. Tennessee Valley Authority plants."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"7f6bffdaa170d09372c78900606048d041b0834d85a148d9f048f6a469367644"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"7f6bffdaa170d09372c78900606048d041b0834d85a148d9f048f6a469367644"}}},"china-energy-investment":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-energy-investment","name":"CHN Energy (China Energy Investment Corporation)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of CHN Energy"}},"china":{"low":11.4779,"central":11.667,"high":11.8561,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202606/d629abda003c458291b2906abff66f6f/files/9866531285d74f698b5371172e277cd4.pdf","title":"国家能源集团2025年可持续发展报告 (CHN Energy 2025 Sustainability Report)","publisher":"国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 (China Energy Investment Corporation, CHN Energy)","publishedDate":"2026-06-08","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 41, '数说·2025' (2025 in numbers): generation 12541 亿千瓦时 (1,254.1 TWh); hydro 2150, solar 7101, thermal 2.3 亿 and wind 7265 万千瓦; p. 12: 'generation about 1/8 of the national total'"},"note":"Company says 2025 group generation was 12541 亿千瓦时 = 1,254.1 TWh (2025 sustainability report; it matches the 12,541 亿千瓦时 in Dagong's July 2026 credit-rating report, T3, and 'about 1/8 of the national total', which would be 1,322 TWh). The group figure includes overseas plants (Indonesia, South Africa, Greece), which are not itemised, so 20 TWh is taken off for them (range 0-40): 1,254.1 - 20 = 1,234.1, range 1,214.1-1,254.1. Consolidated gross generation of controlled companies, not adjusted for minority shares. Share = 1234.1 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"low":0.0045,"central":0.0045,"high":0.0045,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202506/c3ceabf9ae2e4ef587f986326e7c92e9/files/7012946a0c184c5691f345f14bdc3d36.pdf","title":"国家能源集团2024年可持续发展报告 (CHN Energy 2024 Sustainability Report)","publisher":"国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 (China Energy Investment Corporation, CHN Energy)","publishedDate":"2025-06-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 44: 'Guohua Investment's Thrace project in Greece produces about 1.5 亿千瓦时 of green electricity a year'"},"note":"Company says its Thrace (Greece) project produces about 0.15 TWh a year. This is the stated annual output, not a measured 2025 figure; it is the only European plant the report names. The 2025 report does not repeat it. Share = 0.15 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0751,"central":0.1503,"high":0.2254,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202606/d629abda003c458291b2906abff66f6f/files/9866531285d74f698b5371172e277cd4.pdf","title":"国家能源集团2025年可持续发展报告 (CHN Energy 2025 Sustainability Report)","publisher":"国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 (China Energy Investment Corporation, CHN Energy)","publishedDate":"2026-06-08","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 39, 'Green Belt and Road': Java 7 and two 'Nansu' coal projects (Indonesia), De Aar wind (South Africa, 244.5 MW, about 0.76 TWh a year), Sadawi 2 GW PV (Saudi Arabia, under construction)"},"note":"Judgment (T5). The report names overseas plants but gives no overseas generation; De Aar alone is 0.76 TWh a year (company). The Indonesian coal plants are taken at about 19 TWh in total, so 20 TWh overall; range 10-30 TWh. Share = 20 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"priorShares":{"china":{"low":11.9958,"central":12.1941,"high":12.2932,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202506/c3ceabf9ae2e4ef587f986326e7c92e9/files/7012946a0c184c5691f345f14bdc3d36.pdf","title":"国家能源集团2024年可持续发展报告 (CHN Energy 2024 Sustainability Report)","publisher":"国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 (China Energy Investment Corporation, CHN Energy)","publishedDate":"2025-06-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 18: 'power installed capacity 3.55 亿千瓦, full-year total generation exceeded 1.25 万亿千瓦时'"},"note":"Company says full-year 2024 generation 'exceeded 1.25 万亿千瓦时' (so at least 1,250 TWh, no exact figure); 1,250 less the same 20 TWh for overseas = 1,230, range 1,210-1,240. 2025 was 1,254.1, so the change is small. Share = 1230 TWh ÷ China generation 10,087 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"low":0.0045,"central":0.0045,"high":0.0045,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202506/c3ceabf9ae2e4ef587f986326e7c92e9/files/7012946a0c184c5691f345f14bdc3d36.pdf","title":"国家能源集团2024年可持续发展报告 (CHN Energy 2024 Sustainability Report)","publisher":"国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 (China Energy Investment Corporation, CHN Energy)","publishedDate":"2025-06-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 44: 'Guohua Investment's Thrace project in Greece produces about 1.5 亿千瓦时 of green electricity a year'"},"note":"Company says the Thrace (Greece) project produces about 0.15 TWh a year; the same stated annual output is used for both years. Share = 0.15 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,312 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0762,"central":0.1524,"high":0.2286,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202506/c3ceabf9ae2e4ef587f986326e7c92e9/files/7012946a0c184c5691f345f14bdc3d36.pdf","title":"国家能源集团2024年可持续发展报告 (CHN Energy 2024 Sustainability Report)","publisher":"国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 (China Energy Investment Corporation, CHN Energy)","publishedDate":"2025-06-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Overseas projects named in the 2024 and 2025 sustainability reports"},"note":"Judgment (T5): held at the same 20 TWh as 2025 because no overseas volume is reported. Share = 20 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,123 TWh (world 30,913 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":1254.1,"central":1254.1,"high":1254.1,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Group electricity generation including overseas, consolidated, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202606/d629abda003c458291b2906abff66f6f/files/9866531285d74f698b5371172e277cd4.pdf","title":"国家能源集团2025年可持续发展报告 (CHN Energy 2025 Sustainability Report)","publisher":"国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 (China Energy Investment Corporation, CHN Energy)","publishedDate":"2026-06-08","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 41, '数说·2025': generation 12541 亿千瓦时"},"note":"Group total generation including overseas, consolidated."},"prior":{"low":1250,"central":1250,"high":1260,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Group electricity generation including overseas, consolidated, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202506/c3ceabf9ae2e4ef587f986326e7c92e9/files/7012946a0c184c5691f345f14bdc3d36.pdf","title":"国家能源集团2024年可持续发展报告 (CHN Energy 2024 Sustainability Report)","publisher":"国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 (China Energy Investment Corporation, CHN Energy)","publishedDate":"2025-06-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 18: 'full-year total generation exceeded 1.25 万亿千瓦时'"},"note":"The report gives only 'more than 1.25 trillion kWh'; 1,250 TWh is the stated floor, so the true 2024 figure is slightly higher and growth is at most 0.3%."}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"f0ce77948c26342381a4f3a4836c34454b432aa83769c1bda82529f3f5bd1c58"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"f0ce77948c26342381a4f3a4836c34454b432aa83769c1bda82529f3f5bd1c58"}}},"dominion":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"dominion","name":"Dominion Energy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":2.5691,"central":2.5691,"high":2.5691,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; the unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Virginia Electric & Power Co 76.6; Dominion Energy South Carolina, Inc 18.1; Dominion Energy Nuclear Conn Inc 16.1. Cross-check: the 10-K lists electricity supplied of 100.3 million MWh to utility customers (a sales measure, not generation). Share = 116.12 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/715957/000119312526063120/d-20251231.htm","title":"Dominion Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Dominion Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only: foreign mentions (Europe, Mexico, Japan) concern LNG customers, not generation"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/715957/000119312526063120/d-20251231.htm","title":"Dominion Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Dominion Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only: foreign mentions (Europe, Mexico, Japan) concern LNG customers, not generation"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/715957/000119312526063120/d-20251231.htm","title":"Dominion Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Dominion Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only: foreign mentions (Europe, Mexico, Japan) concern LNG customers, not generation"}}},"priorShares":{"united-states":{"low":2.6131,"central":2.6131,"high":2.6131,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Sum of 2024 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; the unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Virginia Electric & Power Co 75.1; Dominion Energy South Carolina, Inc 19.1; Dominion Energy Nuclear Conn Inc 16.2. Share = 114.74 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":116.12,"central":116.12,"high":116.12,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net electricity generation of Virginia Electric & Power, Dominion Energy South Carolina, Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut and Dominion Renewable Energy, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923 plant output allocated by EIA-860 ownership)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Same EIA-923/860 owner sum as the 2025 share. Virginia Electric & Power, Dominion Energy South Carolina, Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut and Dominion Renewable Energy."},"prior":{"low":114.74,"central":114.74,"high":114.74,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net electricity generation of Virginia Electric & Power, Dominion Energy South Carolina, Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut and Dominion Renewable Energy, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923 plant output allocated by EIA-860 ownership)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Same method on the 2024 final EIA-923 and EIA-860 files. Virginia Electric & Power, Dominion Energy South Carolina, Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut and Dominion Renewable Energy."}},"baselineRevenueUsd":{"low":16506000000,"central":16506000000,"high":16506000000,"unit":"USD","basis":"Total revenue, fiscal year, US dollars","period":"FY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/715957/000119312526063120/d-20251231.htm","title":"Dominion Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Dominion Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Selected financial data: total operating revenue $16,506 million (2025)"},"note":"Total operating revenue of Dominion Energy, Inc., FY2025, as reported in US dollars (no conversion). Includes the gas distribution business."},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"a5b6729ff2837cc6ee33d2de1d9051ebbf6477b7556647ff83eb38ce68315c23"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"a5b6729ff2837cc6ee33d2de1d9051ebbf6477b7556647ff83eb38ce68315c23"}}},"berkshire-hathaway-energy":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"berkshire-hathaway-energy","name":"Berkshire Hathaway Energy (PacifiCorp, MidAmerican, NV Energy)","parentId":"berkshire-hathaway","kind":"unit","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":2.6245,"central":2.6245,"high":2.6245,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; the unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: PacifiCorp 48.3; MidAmerican Energy Co 44.0; Nevada Power Co 15.6. PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, Nevada Power, Sierra Pacific Power and BHE Renewables. Share = 118.62 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.brkenergy.com/assets/pdf/2025-BHE-Corporate-Overview.pdf","title":"Corporate Overview 2025","publisher":"Berkshire Hathaway Energy","publishedDate":"2025-04","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"PDF p. 2: the businesses serve customers in the U.S., Great Britain and Alberta, Canada; the overview lists no Chinese asset. Absence from a company brochure is a judgment (T5), not a statement that BHE has no Chinese plant. Date: the page header shows 'APRIL 2025'"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.brkenergy.com/assets/pdf/2025-BHE-Corporate-Overview.pdf","title":"Corporate Overview 2025","publisher":"Berkshire Hathaway Energy","publishedDate":"2025-04","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T2","locator":"PDF p. 10 (Northern Powergrid): a regulated electricity distribution business in the North East of England, Yorkshire and northern Lincolnshire; its smaller unregulated subsidiaries are metering, engineering contracting, and CalEnergy Resources (two solar farms in Australia and upstream oil and gas projects, mainly in the North Sea). No European power plant is listed anywhere in the overview. Date: the page header shows 'APRIL 2025'"}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0068,"central":0.0087,"high":0.0103,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.brkenergy.com/assets/pdf/2025-BHE-Corporate-Overview.pdf","title":"Corporate Overview 2025","publisher":"Berkshire Hathaway Energy","publishedDate":"2025-04","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"PDF p. 11 (BHE Canada: 130-megawatt Rattlesnake Ridge wind farm and 20-megawatt NAT-1 gas facility in Alberta) and PDF p. 10 (CalEnergy Resources: two solar farms in Australia). Date: the page header shows 'APRIL 2025'; output is derived (note)"},"note":"Judgment (T5): BHE's non-US plants, from the company's 2025 Corporate Overview (PDF p. 11): BHE Canada owns and operates the 130 MW Rattlesnake Ridge wind farm (southeast Alberta) and the 20 MW NAT-1 gas-fired generating unit (southern Alberta); and (PDF p. 10) CalEnergy Resources, a Northern Powergrid subsidiary, owns two solar farms in Australia. Alberta: the plant sizes are not paired with output, so output is capacity × a Canadian capacity factor from Ember (Canada 2025: wind 0.331 = 51.48 TWh ÷ (17.74 GW × 8.76); gas 0.490): 130 MW × 0.331 × 8.76 + 20 MW × 0.490 × 8.76 = 0.46 TWh. Australia: the seller's release (Recurrent Energy / Canadian Solar, 7 July 2022, https://recurrentenergy.com/?p=9301) says CalEnergy Resources (Australia) Limited, 'a subsidiary of Northern Powergrid Holdings Company', bought the Suntop and Gunnedah solar farms (345 MWp) that are 'expected to generate over 700,000 MWh of green electricity annually', so 0.70 TWh is used (T2 for the seller's figure; the company's 2025 overview confirms it still owns two Australian solar farms). Total 1.16 TWh; the range 0.90-1.37 TWh covers capacity factors of 0.28-0.38 for the Alberta wind, 0.2-0.8 for the gas unit and 0.55-0.80 TWh for the Australian solar. Share = 1.16 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada, Australia). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world. The Casecnan hydropower plant in the Philippines, assumed here before, is no longer held: the 20-year build-operate-transfer period ended on 11 December 2021 and the plant was handed to the Philippine government (CalEnergy Philippines announcement, Renewable Energy World, 15 December 2021, https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/energy-finance/calenergy-philippines-completes-transition-of-150-mw-casecnan-hydroelectric-operation/; Philippine Department of Finance, 19 May 2023, https://www.dof.gov.ph/?p=35357: transferred to the government on conclusion of the BOT agreement, now owned 60% by PSALM and 40% by NIA)."}},"priorShares":{"united-states":{"low":2.5753,"central":2.5753,"high":2.5753,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Sum of 2024 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; the unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: PacifiCorp 44.6; MidAmerican Energy Co 41.6; Nevada Power Co 16.1. PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, Nevada Power, Sierra Pacific Power and BHE Renewables. Share = 113.08 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0067,"central":0.0086,"high":0.0103,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.brkenergy.com/assets/pdf/2025-BHE-Corporate-Overview.pdf","title":"Corporate Overview 2025","publisher":"Berkshire Hathaway Energy","publishedDate":"2025-04","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"PDF p. 11 and PDF p. 10, as for the 2025 observation; the Alberta plants and the Australian solar farms were owned in 2024 (the overview is dated April 2025). Output is derived (note)"},"note":"Judgment (T5): BHE's non-US plants, from the company's 2025 Corporate Overview (PDF p. 11): BHE Canada owns and operates the 130 MW Rattlesnake Ridge wind farm (southeast Alberta) and the 20 MW NAT-1 gas-fired generating unit (southern Alberta); and (PDF p. 10) CalEnergy Resources, a Northern Powergrid subsidiary, owns two solar farms in Australia. Alberta: the plant sizes are not paired with output, so output is capacity × a Canadian capacity factor from Ember (Canada 2024: wind 0.307 = 46.83 TWh ÷ (17.4 GW × 8.76); gas 0.460): 130 MW × 0.307 × 8.76 + 20 MW × 0.460 × 8.76 = 0.43 TWh. Australia: the seller's release (Recurrent Energy / Canadian Solar, 7 July 2022, https://recurrentenergy.com/?p=9301) says CalEnergy Resources (Australia) Limited, 'a subsidiary of Northern Powergrid Holdings Company', bought the Suntop and Gunnedah solar farms (345 MWp) that are 'expected to generate over 700,000 MWh of green electricity annually', so 0.70 TWh is used (T2 for the seller's figure; the company's 2025 overview confirms it still owns two Australian solar farms). Total 1.13 TWh; the range 0.88-1.35 TWh covers capacity factors of 0.26-0.36 for the Alberta wind, 0.2-0.8 for the gas unit and 0.55-0.80 TWh for the Australian solar. Share = 1.13 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,123.0 TWh (world less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada, Australia). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world. The Casecnan hydropower plant in the Philippines, assumed here before, is no longer held: the 20-year build-operate-transfer period ended on 11 December 2021 and the plant was handed to the Philippine government (CalEnergy Philippines announcement, Renewable Energy World, 15 December 2021, https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/energy-finance/calenergy-philippines-completes-transition-of-150-mw-casecnan-hydroelectric-operation/; Philippine Department of Finance, 19 May 2023, https://www.dof.gov.ph/?p=35357: transferred to the government on conclusion of the BOT agreement, now owned 60% by PSALM and 40% by NIA)."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":118.62,"central":118.62,"high":118.62,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net electricity generation of PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, Nevada Power, Sierra Pacific Power and BHE Renewables, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923 plant output allocated by EIA-860 ownership)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Same EIA-923/860 owner sum as the 2025 share. PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, Nevada Power, Sierra Pacific Power and BHE Renewables."},"prior":{"low":113.08,"central":113.08,"high":113.08,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net electricity generation of PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, Nevada Power, Sierra Pacific Power and BHE Renewables, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923 plant output allocated by EIA-860 ownership)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Same method on the 2024 final EIA-923 and EIA-860 files. PacifiCorp, MidAmerican Energy, Nevada Power, Sierra Pacific Power and BHE Renewables."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"156ebbe75e3b6c8f1dc2f9bbdcbe7e800ca9249f77905616aff5aa29e58dd6ad"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"156ebbe75e3b6c8f1dc2f9bbdcbe7e800ca9249f77905616aff5aa29e58dd6ad"}}},"entergy":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"entergy","name":"Entergy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":2.5807,"central":2.5807,"high":2.5807,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; the unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Entergy Louisiana LLC 50.1; Entergy Arkansas LLC 27.2; Entergy Texas Inc. 11.8. Share = 116.64 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/65984/000006598426000174/etr-20251231.htm","title":"Entergy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Entergy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/65984/000006598426000174/etr-20251231.htm","title":"Entergy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Entergy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/65984/000006598426000174/etr-20251231.htm","title":"Entergy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Entergy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}}},"priorShares":{"united-states":{"low":2.6691,"central":2.6691,"high":2.6691,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Sum of 2024 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; the unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Entergy Louisiana LLC 49.7; Entergy Arkansas LLC 25.0; Entergy Mississippi LLC 14.2. Share = 117.2 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":116.64,"central":116.64,"high":116.64,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net electricity generation of Entergy Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, New Orleans and System Energy Resources, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923 plant output allocated by EIA-860 ownership)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Same EIA-923/860 owner sum as the 2025 share. Entergy Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, New Orleans and System Energy Resources."},"prior":{"low":117.2,"central":117.2,"high":117.2,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net electricity generation of Entergy Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, New Orleans and System Energy Resources, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923 plant output allocated by EIA-860 ownership)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Same method on the 2024 final EIA-923 and EIA-860 files. Entergy Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, New Orleans and System Energy Resources."}},"baselineRevenueUsd":{"low":12946686000,"central":12946686000,"high":12946686000,"unit":"USD","basis":"Total revenue, fiscal year, US dollars","period":"FY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/65984/000006598426000174/etr-20251231.htm","title":"Entergy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Entergy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 7 / segment results: Total operating revenues $12,946,686 thousand (2025)"},"note":"Total operating revenues of Entergy Corporation, FY2025, in US dollars (reported in thousands; no conversion)."},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"49d7a55e91498af619599a06e9337a8d74be74da43e9a40b8799228bef170097"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"49d7a55e91498af619599a06e9337a8d74be74da43e9a40b8799228bef170097"}}},"kepco":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"kepco","name":"KEPCO (KHNP and generating subsidiaries)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.0035,"central":0.0119,"high":0.0133,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://cdn.prod.nntech.io/company-events/reports/a903dbb8-420e-3b56-9239-f929a4c145a4/report.pdf","title":"Korea Electric Power Corporation, Form 20-F for fiscal year 2025 (public copy)","publisher":"Korea Electric Power Corporation","publishedDate":"2026-04-29","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 4, overseas business (PDF p. 88): 'In September 2017, we entered into an agreement with Recurrent Energy to operate 3 solar photovoltaic projects in southern California, United States, with a capacity of 235 megawatts for 34 years'; KEPCO partnered with the Corporate Partnership Fund and invested US$38 million; subsidiary list: KEPCO California, LLC and KEPCO Mojave Holdings, LLC, both US holding companies at 100.00%"},"note":"Judgment (T5). The 20-F says KEPCO operates three solar photovoltaic projects of 235 MW in southern California (agreement with Recurrent Energy, September 2017, 34 years) through US holding companies it owns 100%, and that it invested US$38 million with a Korean private-equity partner (Corporate Partnership Fund); the 20-F does not give KEPCO's percentage of the three projects. Output at 100% = 235 MW × 0.2643 × 8.76 = 0.54 TWh, where 0.2643 is the 2025 net-generation-to-nameplate ratio of California solar photovoltaic plants in service by 2023 (EIA-923 net generation 44.12 TWh ÷ EIA-860 nameplate 19.06 GW × 8.76; 5LayerCake sum of regulatory data). The central value counts 100% of the output (the consolidated holding companies; the project partner's share is unknown); low = 30% of the output (a minority stake); high uses a capacity factor of 0.29 at 100% = 0.6 TWh. Flagged offBasis because the ownership share is unknown. The earlier statement that KEPCO's only US-flag plant is the Guam Ukudu plant (198 MW, KEPCO 60%) overlooked these projects; Guam is outside the 50-state EIA data and stays in rest of world, together with the 60 MW Guam solar plant. Share = 0.54 TWh ÷ US generation 4,519.79 TWh = 0.0119%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024).","offBasis":true},"china":{"low":0.1134,"central":0.1607,"high":0.208,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://cdn.prod.nntech.io/company-events/reports/a903dbb8-420e-3b56-9239-f929a4c145a4/report.pdf","title":"Korea Electric Power Corporation, Form 20-F for fiscal year 2025 (public copy)","publisher":"Korea Electric Power Corporation","publishedDate":"2026-04-29","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 4, non-USA generation projects: Shanxi partnership formed April 2007, 9,742 MW of projects in Shanxi, KEPCO equity interest 42%"},"note":"Derived (T5). Shanxi coal projects of 9,742 MW (20-F) at KEPCO's 42% equity = 4.09 GW, run at 4,147 hours (the 2025 national thermal utilisation, China Electricity Council, as printed in CGN Power's annual report p. 12): 4.09 × 4.147 = 17.0 TWh; range 12-22 for 3,000-5,400 hours. Share = 17 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://cdn.prod.nntech.io/company-events/reports/a903dbb8-420e-3b56-9239-f929a4c145a4/report.pdf","title":"Korea Electric Power Corporation, Form 20-F for fiscal year 2025 (public copy)","publisher":"Korea Electric Power Corporation","publishedDate":"2026-04-29","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 4, overseas business: '30 projects in 12 countries across Asia, the Middle East, Latin America and North America'; the European items in the filing are construction contracts (Romania tritium facility, Czech Dukovany 5 and 6, Egyptian turbine islands), not plants KEPCO owns"}},"rest-of-world":{"low":2.8125,"central":2.8877,"high":3.0004,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://cdn.prod.nntech.io/company-events/reports/a903dbb8-420e-3b56-9239-f929a4c145a4/report.pdf","title":"Korea Electric Power Corporation, Form 20-F for fiscal year 2025 (public copy)","publisher":"Korea Electric Power Corporation","publishedDate":"2026-04-29","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 4, Power Generation: of the 545,192 GWh purchased in 2025, 33.2% was generated by KHNP and 32.7% by the five non-nuclear generation subsidiaries (both wholly owned); Item 4, overseas business: 30 projects in 12 countries across Asia, the Middle East, Latin America and North America; Shanxi partnership 9,742 MW, 42% equity"},"note":"Korea: of the 545,192 GWh KEPCO purchased in 2025, 33.2% (KHNP) and 32.7% (five non-nuclear generation subsidiaries) came from wholly-owned subsidiaries: 65.9% × 545.192 = 359.3 TWh (company filing, T1). Overseas outside China, judgment (T5): 25 TWh, range 15-40. KEPCO has 30 projects in 12 countries; the 20-F names Barakah (UAE nuclear, 18% equity, 5.6 GW), Philippine coal and utility stakes, Jordan Al Qatrana (373 MW, 80%), Saudi Rabigh (1,204 MW, 40%), Mexico Norte II, Guam, Vietnam and Indonesia projects, which at equity are judged to deliver about 25 TWh a year. Total 359.3 + 25 = 384.3. Wholly-owned subsidiaries consolidated at 100%. Share = 384.3 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":5},"china":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":5},"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"887397e95198028d72f3fae81866ce274d8b574e19591c30b8cd56004b1ffaf9"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"887397e95198028d72f3fae81866ce274d8b574e19591c30b8cd56004b1ffaf9"}}},"china-huaneng":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-huaneng","name":"China Huaneng Group","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of China Huaneng"}},"china":{"low":8.1549,"central":8.1549,"high":8.1549,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf","title":"中国华能2025年环境、社会和管治报告（社会责任报告） (China Huaneng 2025 ESG report)","publisher":"中国华能集团有限公司 (China Huaneng Group)","publishedDate":"2026","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 54 'Industry distribution' (read by OCR of the image-only PDF): wholly-owned and controlled plants 30137 万千瓦 (domestic 29764, overseas 373); 2025 generation 8810 亿千瓦时, domestic 8626, overseas 184; p. 21: domestic generation 8626 亿千瓦时, +0.84%"},"note":"Company says domestic generation of its wholly-owned and controlling plants was 8626 亿千瓦时 in 2025 (+0.84%). Its listed subsidiary Huaneng Power International (HPI) generated 463.1 TWh of that (HPI annual report 2025, p. 26, T1). Consolidated gross generation, not adjusted for minority shares. The ESG report is an image-only PDF read by OCR; the figures were checked against the +0.84% growth sentence. Share = 862.6 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf","title":"中国华能2025年环境、社会和管治报告（社会责任报告） (China Huaneng 2025 ESG report)","publisher":"中国华能集团有限公司 (China Huaneng Group)","publishedDate":"2026","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 38 (overseas project operations) and p. 54: overseas capacity 3.73 GW; the overseas plants the report describes are in Singapore, Pakistan, Myanmar and Cambodia; the UK, Australia and Kazakhstan entries are representative offices, not plants"}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.1383,"central":0.1383,"high":0.1383,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf","title":"中国华能2025年环境、社会和管治报告（社会责任报告） (China Huaneng 2025 ESG report)","publisher":"中国华能集团有限公司 (China Huaneng Group)","publishedDate":"2026","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 54 'Industry distribution' (read by OCR of the image-only PDF): wholly-owned and controlled plants 30137 万千瓦 (domestic 29764, overseas 373); 2025 generation 8810 亿千瓦时, domestic 8626, overseas 184; p. 21: domestic generation 8626 亿千瓦时, +0.84%"},"note":"Company says overseas generation of its controlled plants was 184 亿千瓦时 in 2025 (Singapore's Tuas Power, Pakistan's Sahiwal, Myanmar's Ruili River, Cambodia's Sesan 2 are the overseas plants the report names). Consolidated gross generation. Share = 18.4 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"priorShares":{"china":{"low":8.4783,"central":8.4783,"high":8.4783,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/458caf1b-bd6a-4c50-bdb6-1973b18f0bba.pdf","title":"中国华能2024年环境、社会和管治报告（社会责任报告） (China Huaneng 2024 ESG report)","publisher":"中国华能集团有限公司 (China Huaneng Group)","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 51 'Industry distribution' (read by OCR of the image-only PDF): plants 26926 万千瓦 (domestic 26553, overseas 372.94); 2024 generation 8710 亿千瓦时, domestic 8552, overseas 158"},"note":"Company says domestic generation was 8552 亿千瓦时 in 2024 (2024 ESG report, +2.96%). The 2025 ESG report's +0.84% gives 855.4 TWh, which agrees. Share = 855.2 TWh ÷ China generation 10,087 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.1204,"central":0.1204,"high":0.1204,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/458caf1b-bd6a-4c50-bdb6-1973b18f0bba.pdf","title":"中国华能2024年环境、社会和管治报告（社会责任报告） (China Huaneng 2024 ESG report)","publisher":"中国华能集团有限公司 (China Huaneng Group)","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 51 'Industry distribution' (read by OCR of the image-only PDF): plants 26926 万千瓦 (domestic 26553, overseas 372.94); 2024 generation 8710 亿千瓦时, domestic 8552, overseas 158"},"note":"Company says overseas generation was 158 亿千瓦时 in 2024 (2024 ESG report), consolidated gross. Share = 15.8 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,123 TWh (world 30,913 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":881,"central":881,"high":881,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Group electricity generation incl. overseas, consolidated gross, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf","title":"中国华能2025年环境、社会和管治报告（社会责任报告） (China Huaneng 2025 ESG report)","publisher":"中国华能集团有限公司 (China Huaneng Group)","publishedDate":"2026","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 54: 2025 generation 8810 亿千瓦时 (domestic 8626, overseas 184)"},"note":"Group generation incl. overseas, consolidated."},"prior":{"low":871,"central":871,"high":871,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Group electricity generation incl. overseas, consolidated gross, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/458caf1b-bd6a-4c50-bdb6-1973b18f0bba.pdf","title":"中国华能2024年环境、社会和管治报告（社会责任报告） (China Huaneng 2024 ESG report)","publisher":"中国华能集团有限公司 (China Huaneng Group)","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 51: 2024 generation 8710 亿千瓦时 (domestic 8552, overseas 158)"},"note":"Group generation incl. overseas, consolidated."}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"b2d61056a69065f0da6fd49306ff1436c81cc6ad5fe226d5e0af5137f300648d"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"b2d61056a69065f0da6fd49306ff1436c81cc6ad5fe226d5e0af5137f300648d"}}},"aep":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"aep","name":"American Electric Power","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":1.9647,"central":1.9647,"high":1.9647,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Indiana Michigan Power Co 27.4; Appalachian Power Co 21.6; Southwestern Electric Power Co 16.9. The 10-K gives the generation mix of the vertically integrated utilities (coal and lignite 43%, nuclear 19%, natural gas 22%, renewables 16%) but no total. Share = 88.8 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4904/000000490426000013/aep-20251231.htm","title":"American Electric Power Company, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"American Electric Power Company, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-12","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4904/000000490426000013/aep-20251231.htm","title":"American Electric Power Company, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"American Electric Power Company, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-12","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4904/000000490426000013/aep-20251231.htm","title":"American Electric Power Company, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"American Electric Power Company, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-12","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"8c7683b5c021eb43ae7380b613e2b5660e6f2a977bee8860e2de9590204e54aa"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"8c7683b5c021eb43ae7380b613e2b5660e6f2a977bee8860e2de9590204e54aa"}}},"eehc":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"eehc","name":"Egyptian Electricity Holding Company","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Egyptian Electricity Holding Company"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Egyptian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Egyptian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.6334,"central":1.7503,"high":1.8094,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eehc.gov.eg/CMSEehc/Files/AnnualReport2024En.pdf","title":"Annual Report 2023/2024","publisher":"Egyptian Electricity Holding Company","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"PDF p. 6 summary and PDF p. 11 'Generated and Purchased Energy' (fiscal year 2023/2024): total grid 229,088.23 GWh = thermal 202,401.11 (including private-sector BOOT plants 87.33) + hydro 15,056.49 + new and renewable (wind 6,337.98, solar 5,292.65) 11,630.63; grand total with non-connected plants and purchases from industrial companies 229,284 GWh. Table 'By Production Company': Cairo, East Delta, Middle Delta, West Delta, Upper Egypt, EEHC's own plants (Burullus, Beni Suef, New Administrative Capital), hydro plants. Fiscal year 2023/2024; the report's cover year is 2023/2024 and no publication date is printed"},"note":"Derivation (T5) from the holding company's own annual report for fiscal year 2023/2024 (the latest report that opens: the 2024/2025 report link on eehc.gov.eg returns 404). The report gives Egypt's total power generated as 229,284 GWh. EEHC's thermal production companies and EEHC-owned plants plus its hydro company generated 217,370 GWh (total grid 229,088.23 less new and renewable 11,630.63 less private-sector BOOT plants 87.33; equal to thermal 202,401.11 + hydro 15,056.49 − 87.33), which is 94.80% of the national total. The new and renewable energy line (wind and solar, much of it built by government agencies and private developers) is left out because the report does not split EEHC's own part, so the share is slightly conservative. Applying that EEHC share of 94.80% to Ember's Egypt generation for 2025 (245.71 TWh, https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/) gives 232.94 TWh. Low = the unscaled fiscal-2023/24 volume of 217.37 TWh (no growth); high = 240.8 TWh (98% of the Ember Egypt total, because private and non-EEHC output was 5.2% of the total in 2023/24 and is growing). This replaces the earlier T5 assumption of 165 TWh (67% of Egypt), which no report supported; the report shows EEHC-owned plants produce about 95% of Egypt's electricity. Possible bases differ slightly: the report's figures are generated (gross) energy, and Ember's national total may be on a different basis, which the ratio approach largely cancels. The state-owned holding company owns its production companies, so the figures are on the ownership-adjusted basis. Share = 232.94 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada) = 1.7503%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024)."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":3,"levelHigh":5}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"c7d8643902c218d8d86b502ce82961dde3c7cc35f55ff5caffe7bc85fc9018dd"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"c7d8643902c218d8d86b502ce82961dde3c7cc35f55ff5caffe7bc85fc9018dd"}}},"xcel-energy":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"xcel-energy","name":"Xcel Energy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":1.6195,"central":1.6195,"high":1.6195,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Northern States Power Co - Minnesota 35.6; Public Service Co of Colorado 21.1; Southwestern Public Service Co 16.5. Share = 73.2 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"4958f963618e66a06a816995ee1c727a0a5d6b2e2ef17309ea0b1f05ae1a68c2"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"4958f963618e66a06a816995ee1c727a0a5d6b2e2ef17309ea0b1f05ae1a68c2"}}},"huadian":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"huadian","name":"China Huadian Corporation","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of China Huadian"}},"china":{"low":6.6546,"central":6.7491,"high":6.9382,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","title":"保供全马力 量足质更优——2025年中国华电高质量发展成就综述（四） (China Huadian, 2025 achievements, part 4)","publisher":"中国华电集团有限公司 (China Huadian Corporation)","publishedDate":"2026-01-12","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Opening operating-results paragraph: 'power generation capacity 2.81 亿千瓦, new energy 1.12 亿千瓦; full-year generation 7339 亿千瓦时' (2025)"},"note":"Company says 2025 generation was 7339 亿千瓦时 = 733.9 TWh (installed capacity 281 GW, of which new energy 112 GW). The group figure includes overseas plants (Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Russia, Kazakhstan), which are not itemised; 20 TWh is taken off for them (range 0-30): 733.9 - 20 = 713.9, range 703.9-733.9. Gross and net are not distinguished in the source. Consolidated basis. Share = 713.9 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/webfront/webpage/web/contentList/channelId/41d2af3e5ba34d4cb5184b1579644376/pageNo/1","title":"公司概况 (China Huadian company profile)","publisher":"中国华电集团有限公司 (China Huadian Corporation)","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"'Assets and businesses across 32 provinces and Russia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Kazakhstan and other Belt and Road countries': none of the named countries is in Europe as defined here (Russia counts in rest of world); the list ends 'and others'"}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0751,"central":0.1503,"high":0.2254,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/webfront/webpage/web/contentList/channelId/41d2af3e5ba34d4cb5184b1579644376/pageNo/1","title":"公司概况 (China Huadian company profile)","publisher":"中国华电集团有限公司 (China Huadian Corporation)","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"'Assets and businesses across 32 provinces and Russia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Kazakhstan and other Belt and Road countries'; 'the largest power generation operator in ASEAN'"},"note":"Judgment (T5). The company says it is the largest generation operator in ASEAN and has plants in Russia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam and Kazakhstan, but gives no overseas generation. About 20 TWh is assumed (about 2.7% of the 733.9 TWh group total); range 10-30. Share = 20 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"c934c316187763c9a961bf964e9b011ad47b3e3a2d5c5515c635a680691fb51b"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"c934c316187763c9a961bf964e9b011ad47b3e3a2d5c5515c635a680691fb51b"}}},"spic":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"spic","name":"State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of SPIC"}},"china":{"low":6.5232,"central":6.665,"high":6.9013,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","title":"SPIC reports 2025 activity at its March press conference","publisher":"China Energy News (China Energy Media Group)","publishedDate":"2026-03-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T3","locator":"FY2025 electricity generated above 740 TWh; installed capacity 287 GW"},"note":"China Energy News reports from SPIC's press conference that 2025 generation was above 740 TWh (installed capacity 287 GW); 745 TWh is taken as the group total (range 740-760). SPIC's own 2024 report gives 724.4 TWh for 2024 (+6.3%). The total includes overseas plants, so 40 TWh (rest of world) and 0.3 TWh (Europe) are taken off: 745 - 40 - 0.3 = 705; range 690-730. Check: the 2025 mix applied to national utilisation hours (nuclear 7,809, thermal 4,147, hydro 3,367, wind 1,979, solar 1,088) gives about 745 TWh. Consolidated gross generation. Share = 705 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"low":0.006,"central":0.009,"high":0.012,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"http://www.spic.com.cn/spictp/shzr/2025/2024shzr.pdf","title":"国家电投集团2024年社会责任报告 (SPIC 2024 social responsibility report)","publisher":"国家电力投资集团有限公司 (State Power Investment Corporation, SPIC)","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 54: 'Tokaj 200 MW PV project ... SPIC's first strategic project overseas, the largest PV power plant with tracking brackets in Hungary'"},"note":"Judgment (T5). SPIC's 200 MW Tokaj photovoltaic plant in Hungary is the one European plant its report names; output is not stated. 0.2 GW × 0.18 (judged capacity factor for tracker PV in Hungary) × 8.76 = 0.32 TWh, taken as 0.3; range 0.2-0.4. Share = 0.3 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.2104,"central":0.3006,"high":0.3907,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"http://www.spic.com.cn/spictp/shzr/2025/2024shzr.pdf","title":"国家电投集团2024年社会责任报告 (SPIC 2024 social responsibility report)","publisher":"国家电力投资集团有限公司 (State Power Investment Corporation, SPIC)","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 5: 'overseas equity generating capacity reached 1192 万千瓦' (end-2024); company page: 1329.7 万千瓦 overseas in operation (Aug 2026)"},"note":"Judgment (T5). Overseas equity generating capacity was 11.92 GW at end-2024 (SPIC 2024 report p. 5) and 13.3 GW in operation in August 2026 (company page); 12.3 GW is taken for 2025 at a judged load factor of 0.37 (a mix of Turkish and Pakistani coal, hydro, wind and solar): 12.3 × 0.37 × 8.76 = 39.9, so 40 TWh. Range 28-52 TWh covers load factors 0.27-0.50. Share = 40 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"priorShares":{"china":{"low":6.6621,"central":6.796,"high":6.9397,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"http://www.spic.com.cn/spictp/shzr/2025/2024shzr.pdf","title":"国家电投集团2024年社会责任报告 (SPIC 2024 social responsibility report)","publisher":"国家电力投资集团有限公司 (State Power Investment Corporation, SPIC)","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 5 and p. 51: 'full-year 2024 generation 7244 亿千瓦时, +6.3%'; p. 5: 'overseas equity generating capacity 1192 万千瓦'; p. 54: Hungary Tokaj PV plant"},"note":"Company says full-year 2024 generation was 7244 亿千瓦时 = 724.4 TWh (+6.3%). Taking off the same style of estimate for overseas (11.92 GW × 0.37 × 8.76 = 38.6 TWh) and 0.3 TWh for Hungary: 724.4 - 38.6 - 0.3 = 685.5; range 672-700. Share = 685.5 TWh ÷ China generation 10,087 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"low":0.006,"central":0.0091,"high":0.0121,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"http://www.spic.com.cn/spictp/shzr/2025/2024shzr.pdf","title":"国家电投集团2024年社会责任报告 (SPIC 2024 social responsibility report)","publisher":"国家电力投资集团有限公司 (State Power Investment Corporation, SPIC)","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 54: Tokaj 200 MW PV project, Hungary"},"note":"Judgment (T5): held at the same 0.3 TWh. Share = 0.3 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,312 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.2058,"central":0.2942,"high":0.381,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"http://www.spic.com.cn/spictp/shzr/2025/2024shzr.pdf","title":"国家电投集团2024年社会责任报告 (SPIC 2024 social responsibility report)","publisher":"国家电力投资集团有限公司 (State Power Investment Corporation, SPIC)","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 5: 'overseas equity generating capacity reached 1192 万千瓦'"},"note":"Judgment (T5): 11.92 GW (company, end-2024) × 0.37 × 8.76 = 38.6 TWh; range 27-50. Share = 38.6 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,123 TWh (world 30,913 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":740,"central":745,"high":760,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Group electricity generation incl. overseas, consolidated gross, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","title":"SPIC reports 2025 activity at its March press conference","publisher":"China Energy News (China Energy Media Group)","publishedDate":"2026-03-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T3","locator":"FY2025 electricity generated above 740 TWh; installed capacity 287 GW"},"note":"China Energy News: 2025 generation 'above 740 TWh'; 745 TWh central, 740-760 range."},"prior":{"low":724.4,"central":724.4,"high":724.4,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Group electricity generation incl. overseas, consolidated gross, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"http://www.spic.com.cn/spictp/shzr/2025/2024shzr.pdf","title":"国家电投集团2024年社会责任报告 (SPIC 2024 social responsibility report)","publisher":"国家电力投资集团有限公司 (State Power Investment Corporation, SPIC)","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 5 and p. 51: 2024 generation 7244 亿千瓦时"},"note":"Company statement."}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"7c13578ec00816c3d28a9ea8f1f1753b93d4f6731ea11f88680eac3716b184a4"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"7c13578ec00816c3d28a9ea8f1f1753b93d4f6731ea11f88680eac3716b184a4"}}},"eskom":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"eskom","name":"Eskom","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Eskom"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a South African generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a South African generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.3466,"central":1.3466,"high":1.3466,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"FY ended 31 March 2026","periodEnd":"2026-03-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eskom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Eskom-integrated-report-August-2026.pdf","title":"Eskom integrated report August 2026","publisher":"Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd","publishedDate":"2026-08","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Supply and demand table: net sent out by Eskom 179,204 GWh in FY2026 (year ended 31 March 2026); coal 165,431 GWh, nuclear 11,618 GWh, hydro, wind, solar"},"note":"Net sent out by Eskom 179,204 GWh in FY2026 (integrated report; coal 165.4, nuclear 11.6, hydro 11.0, wind 11.6 and solar 6.8 TWh include IPP-sourced renewables in the supply table, so Eskom's own plants are somewhat lower). Eskom's South African generation, Africa's largest utility. Share = 179.204 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":3,"levelHigh":5}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"7f6093cfbd75fd11d2838a164510fdca8650e46bb59d33b3fa60156a9ed618ae"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"7f6093cfbd75fd11d2838a164510fdca8650e46bb59d33b3fa60156a9ed618ae"}}},"talen":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"talen","name":"Talen Energy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":1.5361,"central":1.5361,"high":1.5361,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Pro forma sum of 2025 net generation (EIA-923) of the plants in Talen's 10-K generation fleet (Item 2, 13.1 GW owned) plus the two plants of the Cornerstone purchase (Lawrenceburg and Waterford, 2.0 GW, closed 15 June 2026): Susquehanna 16.71 (Talen's 90%), Guernsey 11.31, Freedom 7.04, Montour 4.72, Brunner Island 4.19, Brandon Shores 2.33, Martins Creek 2.25, Lower Mt. Bethel 4.48, H.A. Wagner 0.19, Conemaugh 0.87 (22.22% of 3.91), Keystone 0.57 (12.34% of 4.60), Colstrip Unit 3 1.38 (30% of half of the plant's 9.17), Lawrenceburg 8.23, Waterford 5.17 TWh. Jointly owned plants (Conemaugh, Keystone, Colstrip) are counted at the 10-K ownership percentages. Guernsey and Freedom (bought in 2025) and the Cornerstone plants are counted for the full year. The match of EIA plant names to Talen is 5LayerCake's. Cross-check: Talen reported 39.9 TWh for 2025 for the periods it owned the plants (results release); the EIA sum of its legacy plants alone is 37.7 TWh, which leaves 2.2 TWh for Guernsey and Freedom, consistent with a short ownership period (closing date not checked). Share = 69.43 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1622536/000162253626000017/tln-20251231.htm","title":"Talen Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Talen Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-26","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1622536/000162253626000017/tln-20251231.htm","title":"Talen Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Talen Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-26","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1622536/000162253626000017/tln-20251231.htm","title":"Talen Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Talen Energy Corporation (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-26","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only"}}},"priorShares":{"united-states":{"low":1.601,"central":1.601,"high":1.601,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Same plants and ownership percentages on the 2024 EIA-923 final data (Susquehanna 17.77, Guernsey 11.62, Freedom 7.92, Montour 2.96, Brunner Island 3.40, Brandon Shores 2.17, Martins Creek 2.58, Lower Mt. Bethel 3.98, H.A. Wagner 0.16, Conemaugh 0.80, Keystone 0.38, Colstrip Unit 3 1.35, Lawrenceburg 8.52, Waterford 6.70 TWh), counted for the full year whatever the owner at the time. Share = 70.3 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":69.43,"central":69.43,"high":69.43,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net generation of the plants in Talen's pro forma fleet, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Pro forma Talen fleet, same plants both years (see the share note)."},"prior":{"low":70.3,"central":70.3,"high":70.3,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net generation of the plants in Talen's pro forma fleet, calendar year, TWh (EIA-923)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2024.zip","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2024 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2024) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2025","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2024_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with eia8602024.zip (3_1_Generator_Y2024.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2024.xlsx: owner and percent owned); publication year only is shown on the archive page"},"note":"Pro forma Talen fleet, same plants both years."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"2afdea2a4df916ebf00c062e67b28945fb67c7437aee71f34d657e719717fe04"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"2afdea2a4df916ebf00c062e67b28945fb67c7437aee71f34d657e719717fe04"}}},"nrg":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"nrg","name":"NRG Energy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":1.4293,"central":1.666,"high":1.916,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1013871/000101387126000004/nrg-20251231.htm","title":"NRG Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NRG Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 1, generation performance by region 2025 / 2024: total generation 34,568 / 31,699 thousand MWh; LSP Portfolio 'approximately 13 GW' acquired 30 Jan 2026"},"note":"Owned and leased generation 34.568 TWh in 2025 (10-K, T1, excludes tolled generation and equity investments) plus the LS Power portfolio, 40.7 TWh. The LS Power portfolio (13 GW of gas and dual-fuel plants, closed 30 January 2026, credited to NRG per the register) is added pro forma at 40.7 TWh. Judgment (T5): the plant list was not opened, so the fleet is taken as 60% combined-cycle at the 2025 US combined-cycle capacity factor of 0.524 and 40% peakers at the 2025 US gas-turbine factor of 0.106 (both from EIA-923/860): blended 0.357; 13 GW × 0.357 × 8.76 = 40.7 TWh. Range 30-52 TWh covers a blended factor of 0.26-0.46. Share = 75.3 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1013871/000101387126000004/nrg-20251231.htm","title":"NRG Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NRG Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only: Canada is retail only; one Australian equity-method project (see rest of world)"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1013871/000101387126000004/nrg-20251231.htm","title":"NRG Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NRG Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Item 1 and Item 2 describe generating facilities in the United States only: Canada is retail only"}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0199,"central":0.0246,"high":0.0298,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1013871/000101387126000004/nrg-20251231.htm","title":"NRG Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NRG Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 2, properties table (West/Other): 'Gladstone, Fossil, Coal, AUS, 1,613 MW, net 605 MW, 37.5%'; Note on investments in affiliates: NRG owns a 37.5% interest in Gladstone, a 1,613 MW coal-fueled facility in Queensland, Australia, operated by NRG and held through the equity method"},"note":"Judgment (T5) on output; the capacity is from the filing. The 10-K says NRG owns 37.5% of Gladstone, a 1,613 MW coal-fired station in Queensland (net ownership share 605 MW), through an equity-method joint venture; the output is not disclosed. Output = 605 MW × 0.617 × 8.76 = 3.27 TWh, where 0.617 is the Australian coal capacity factor for 2025 (Ember, Australia coal 122.32 TWh ÷ (22.63 GW × 8.76)); range 2.65-3.97 TWh for capacity factors of 0.50-0.75. This replaces the earlier assumption of about 1 TWh (a few hundred MW at 30%), which understated the stake. Canada is retail only. Share = 3.27 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada, Australia). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"priorShares":{"united-states":{"low":1.4051,"central":1.6488,"high":1.9062,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1013871/000101387126000004/nrg-20251231.htm","title":"NRG Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NRG Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 1, generation performance by region 2025 / 2024: total generation 34,568 / 31,699 thousand MWh; LSP Portfolio 'approximately 13 GW' acquired 30 Jan 2026"},"note":"Owned and leased generation 31.699 TWh in 2024 (10-K, T1) plus the LS Power portfolio held at the same 40.7 TWh because no 2024 volume for it could be opened. The LS Power portfolio (13 GW of gas and dual-fuel plants, closed 30 January 2026, credited to NRG per the register) is added pro forma at 40.7 TWh. Judgment (T5): the plant list was not opened, so the fleet is taken as 60% combined-cycle at the 2025 US combined-cycle capacity factor of 0.524 and 40% peakers at the 2025 US gas-turbine factor of 0.106 (both from EIA-923/860): blended 0.357; 13 GW × 0.357 × 8.76 = 40.7 TWh. Share = 72.4 TWh ÷ US generation 4,391 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0202,"central":0.0257,"high":0.0303,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1013871/000101387126000004/nrg-20251231.htm","title":"NRG Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NRG Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 2, properties table (West/Other): 'Gladstone, Fossil, Coal, AUS, 1,613 MW, net 605 MW, 37.5%'; Note on investments in affiliates: NRG owns a 37.5% interest in Gladstone, a 1,613 MW coal-fueled facility in Queensland, Australia, operated by NRG and held through the equity method"},"note":"Judgment (T5) on output; the capacity is from the filing. The 10-K says NRG owns 37.5% of Gladstone, a 1,613 MW coal-fired station in Queensland (net ownership share 605 MW), through an equity-method joint venture; the output is not disclosed. Output = 605 MW × 0.637 × 8.76 = 3.37 TWh, where 0.637 is the Australian coal capacity factor for 2024 (Ember, Australia coal 127.33 TWh ÷ (22.83 GW × 8.76)); range 2.65-3.97 TWh for capacity factors of 0.50-0.75. This replaces the earlier assumption of about 1 TWh (a few hundred MW at 30%), which understated the stake. Canada is retail only. Share = 3.37 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,123.0 TWh (world less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada, Australia). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":64.6,"central":75.3,"high":86.6,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Owned and leased net generation incl. LS Power pro forma, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1013871/000101387126000004/nrg-20251231.htm","title":"NRG Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NRG Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 1, generation performance by region 2025 / 2024: total generation 34,568 / 31,699 thousand MWh; LSP Portfolio 'approximately 13 GW' acquired 30 Jan 2026"},"note":"Pro forma including the LS Power portfolio at 40.7 TWh."},"prior":{"low":61.7,"central":72.4,"high":83.7,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Owned and leased net generation incl. LS Power pro forma, calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1013871/000101387126000004/nrg-20251231.htm","title":"NRG Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NRG Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 1, generation performance by region 2025 / 2024: total generation 34,568 / 31,699 thousand MWh; LSP Portfolio 'approximately 13 GW' acquired 30 Jan 2026"},"note":"Pro forma including the LS Power portfolio at 40.7 TWh."}},"baselineRevenueUsd":{"low":30713000000,"central":30713000000,"high":30713000000,"unit":"USD","basis":"Total revenue, fiscal year, US dollars","period":"FY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1013871/000101387126000004/nrg-20251231.htm","title":"NRG Energy, Inc., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"NRG Energy, Inc. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"MD&A results: Total revenue $30,713 million (2025)"},"note":"Total revenue of NRG Energy, Inc., FY2025, in US dollars (no conversion). Mostly retail."},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"3b4de7d0443b45b7649788e0d56f35c155af3fd4814ae9f4527609df97ed0417"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"3b4de7d0443b45b7649788e0d56f35c155af3fd4814ae9f4527609df97ed0417"}}},"taipower":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"taipower","name":"Taiwan Power Company","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Taiwan Power Company"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Taiwanese generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Taiwanese generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.2023,"central":1.2023,"high":1.2023,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"Taipower's page returned no content. About 160 TWh assumed (about 55% of Taiwan's 289 TWh, its own plants; the rest comes from independent producers and captive plants). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 160 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"03b264e53d86817b23c5e024d051f70a77b61f5dc7f48c41a78745ab808c271b"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"03b264e53d86817b23c5e024d051f70a77b61f5dc7f48c41a78745ab808c271b"}}},"hydro-quebec":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"hydro-quebec","name":"Hydro-Québec","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.0288,"central":0.0288,"high":0.0288,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 2___Plant_Y2025.xlsx (utility owning each plant); Utility 'Great River Hydro, LLC': 13 plants"},"note":"Hydro-Québec's 2025 annual report (PDF p. 87, 'Installed capacity in the United States': 619 MW) lists 13 hydroelectric generating stations (589 MW) operated by Great River Hydro, a wholly owned subsidiary of Hydro-Québec, and 2 stations (30 MW) jointly owned with Innergex; its results text refers to the net income of Great River Hydro. EIA-860 (2025) lists 'Great River Hydro, LLC' as the single owner of 13 conventional hydro plants (44 generators, 562.6 MW nameplate), and EIA-923 (2025) gives their net generation as 1,302,556 MWh = 1.3026 TWh (Bellows Falls 194.3, Comerford 296.8, S C Moore 254.7, Wilder 134.4, Vernon Dam 119.5, Harriman 98.2, others 204.6 GWh). Sum of regulatory plant data (5LayerCake sum), 100% owned. The two 30 MW stations shared with Innergex are not in the sum (not found under a Hydro-Québec name; they would add 0.1 TWh at most at 30 MW), so the value is a floor. The earlier statement that EIA-860 has no Hydro-Québec entity came from a name search that missed this subsidiary. Share = 1.3026 TWh ÷ US generation 4,519.79 TWh = 0.0288%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024)."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Canadian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Canadian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.1346,"central":1.3075,"high":1.4803,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/documents-donnees/pdf/hq-rapport-annuel-2025-anglais.pdf","title":"Hydro-Québec Annual Report 2025","publisher":"Hydro-Québec","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"Highlights: 196.7 TWh sold in 2025, of which 184.9 TWh on the Québec market and 11.8 TWh outside Québec; Operating statistics (PDF p. 68): installed capacity in Québec 37,369 MW, of which hydroelectric 36,809 MW; PDF p. 68 note a: purchases of Churchill Falls (5,428 MW), 45 wind farms (4,137 MW), 55 small hydro stations (714 MW) and bioenergy (385 MW) output"},"note":"Judgment (T5). Hydro-Québec's report gives sales (196.7 TWh in 2025: 184.9 in Québec, 11.8 outside) and capacity but not its own generation. Floor: its 36,809 MW of Québec hydro × the Canadian average hydro capacity factor of 0.468 (Ember, Canada 2025: 344.74 TWh ÷ (84.13 GW × 8.76)) × 8.76 = 150.9 TWh. Ceiling: 196.7 TWh of sales, because the company also buys large volumes (the report says it has access to almost all the output of the 5,428 MW Churchill Falls station and purchases all the output of 45 wind farms of 4,137 MW and 55 small hydro stations of 714 MW), so its own output is below its sales. Central value 174 TWh is the midpoint of 151 and 197 (the previous assumption of 175 TWh sits at the same place); the range is that interval. Hydro-Québec's Québec fleet is mostly reservoir hydro, so its capacity factor is probably above the national average, which is why the central value is above the floor. Plants are 100% owned. Canada total generation 652.43 TWh (Ember, 2025). Share = 174 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":3,"levelHigh":5},"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"8b4a3a356b9a8ad7a1921a5d06f252371138795f8726d65a6e49e3af7f8815d3"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"8b4a3a356b9a8ad7a1921a5d06f252371138795f8726d65a6e49e3af7f8815d3"}}},"ntpc":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"ntpc","name":"NTPC","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of NTPC"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Indian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Indian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":3.2311,"central":3.2311,"high":3.2311,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"NTPC's site is behind a bot-manager challenge (not bypassed). About 430 TWh assumed for the NTPC Group including subsidiaries and joint ventures (about 21% of India total generation 2,082 TWh in 2025 (Ember)). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 430 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"3abc8fdadb003e188b85f6e2d318fd923efa1058c168578a75a8d24c3a788307"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"3abc8fdadb003e188b85f6e2d318fd923efa1058c168578a75a8d24c3a788307"}}},"china-datang":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-datang","name":"China Datang Corporation","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of China Datang"}},"china":{"low":5.0294,"central":5.3755,"high":5.7858,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025 (first half annualised)","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.news.cn/digital/20250723/9fa6d3d95832484c8831a4f6909bd5aa/c.html","title":"中国大唐：2025上半年多项指标创历史新高，实现“时间过半、任务过半” (China Datang: record first half of 2025)","publisher":"新华网 (Xinhua News Agency)","publishedDate":"2025-07-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"text: at its mid-year meeting of 22 July 2025 the group reported first-half 2025 '完成发电量2883亿千瓦时、售热量2.04亿吉焦' (generation of 288.3 billion kWh and heat sales of 204 million GJ); the page gives no installed capacity"},"note":"Judgment (T5) built on a company figure. Xinhua reports (23 July 2025) that China Datang's first-half 2025 generation was 2,883亿千瓦时 = 288.3 TWh (T2: the group's statement at its mid-year meeting). Annualised ×2 = 576.6 TWh; the second half of the year is normally somewhat stronger than the first in China because of the summer and winter peaks, so the range for the group is 540-620 TWh (first half = 46-53% of the year). Cross-check: the group's installed capacity was 207.9 GW at the end of November 2025 (SASAC news centre via Sina, 31 December 2025, https://news.sina.cn/gn/2025-12-31/detail-inhervys6706217.d.html), and the peer groups in the earlier version of this file generated 2.60-3.20 TWh per GW (mean 2.83), giving 588 TWh, 2% above the annualised figure. About 8 TWh of overseas output (judged at 1.4% of the group total, not disclosed in any opened page) is removed to leave 568.6 TWh in China (range 532-612). Consolidated gross generation, hence offBasis. This replaces the earlier peer-ratio estimate that rested on the group's English home page, which returned HTTP 502 and could not be opened by the checker or by the earlier author. Share = 568.6 TWh ÷ China generation 10,577.71 TWh = 5.3755%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0225,"central":0.0601,"high":0.1127,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.news.cn/digital/20250723/9fa6d3d95832484c8831a4f6909bd5aa/c.html","title":"中国大唐：2025上半年多项指标创历史新高，实现“时间过半、任务过半” (China Datang: record first half of 2025)","publisher":"新华网 (Xinhua News Agency)","publishedDate":"2025-07-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"Group output only (first-half 2025 generation 288.3 TWh); no opened page gives overseas output"},"note":"Judgment (T5). The earlier version of this file and the check pass name overseas hydro and thermal plants of China Datang in Cambodia, Myanmar and other countries; no page opened in this fix gives their output, so about 8 TWh is assumed, about 1.4% of the annualised group total of 576.6 TWh (range 3-15 TWh, 0.5-2.6%). This is an estimate of unmeasured activity, not evidence that the figure is large. Consolidated gross generation, hence offBasis. Share = 8 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"5b96ef433a30b70328055a53405798b56f7ea636409f9d7144156d35fbea0831"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"5b96ef433a30b70328055a53405798b56f7ea636409f9d7144156d35fbea0831"}}},"cgn":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cgn","name":"China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of CGN"}},"china":{"low":3.0035,"central":3.1264,"high":3.2304,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnp.com.cn/cgnp/c100744/2026-03/25/686364f216074f17a519f244025996e3/files/9437ca4db212473ba55ed058947d933a.pdf","title":"中国广核电力股份有限公司2025年年度报告（A股） (CGN Power 2025 annual report, A-share)","publisher":"中国广核电力股份有限公司 (CGN Power)","publishedDate":"2026-03-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 11: nuclear plants managed by CGN Power delivered 2,326.48 亿千瓦时 to the grid in 2025 (53.00% of China's 4,389.29), generation of subsidiaries 1,947.38 vs 1,908.07, projects under construction 1,695.6 万千瓦; p. 16: table incl. associate Hongyanhe, 2,326.48 vs 2,272.84"},"note":"Nuclear: the plants CGN Power manages delivered 232.65 TWh to the grid in 2025 (annual report, T1; includes the associate Hongyanhe at 100% of plant output, net grid delivery). Plus domestic new energy, T5: Domestic new energy: 56.83 GW in operation at end-2024 produced 87.81 TWh in 2024 (CGN report); the group says over 70 GW was in operation in August 2026, so about 12% more average capacity in 2025 is assumed: 87.81 × 1.12 = 98 TWh, range 85-109. Total 232.65 + 98 = 330.7; range 232.65 + 85 to 232.65 + 109. Consolidated/managed basis, not ownership-adjusted. CGN Group's other nuclear units were not yet in operation in 2025. Share = 330.7 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"low":0.015,"central":0.0601,"high":0.1202,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnpc.com.cn/cgn/c101047/2025-11/24/e4e87552e16b4475b6cd1789546cee68/files/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A22024%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A.pdf.pdf","title":"中国广核集团2024年企业社会责任报告 (CGN Group 2024 corporate social responsibility report)","publisher":"中国广核集团有限公司 (CGN Group)","publishedDate":"2025-11-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 12: overseas controlled new-energy projects, 49 projects in 16 countries, 1,189.64 万千瓦, 2024 grid supply 443 亿千瓦时"},"note":"Judgment (T5). The report gives one overseas total and no regional split, and its European holdings are small; about 4-5% of the overseas total is taken for Europe (2.0 of 45.6 TWh); range 0.5-4. Share = 2 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.2705,"central":0.3276,"high":0.3907,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnpc.com.cn/cgn/c101047/2025-11/24/e4e87552e16b4475b6cd1789546cee68/files/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A22024%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A.pdf.pdf","title":"中国广核集团2024年企业社会责任报告 (CGN Group 2024 corporate social responsibility report)","publisher":"中国广核集团有限公司 (CGN Group)","publishedDate":"2025-11-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 12: overseas new-energy grid supply 443 亿千瓦时 in 2024"},"note":"Judgment (T5). Overseas controlled grid supply was 44.3 TWh in 2024 (company); overseas capacity in operation and under construction is over 13 GW in August 2026 against 11.9 GW at end-2024, so +3% for 2025 gives 45.6 TWh; 2.0 TWh of that is counted in Europe, leaving 43.6; range 36-52. Share = 43.6 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"priorShares":{"china":{"low":3.1239,"central":3.1239,"high":3.1239,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnpc.com.cn/cgn/c101047/2025-11/24/e4e87552e16b4475b6cd1789546cee68/files/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A22024%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A.pdf.pdf","title":"中国广核集团2024年企业社会责任报告 (CGN Group 2024 corporate social responsibility report)","publisher":"中国广核集团有限公司 (CGN Group)","publishedDate":"2025-11-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 12: nuclear 2272.84 亿千瓦时; domestic new energy 878.09 亿千瓦时 (2024)"},"note":"Nuclear grid supply 227.28 TWh in 2024 (CGN Power annual report 2025 comparative column, T1; the CGN group report says 2272.84 亿千瓦时) plus domestic new-energy grid supply 87.81 TWh (company, 2024): 227.28 + 87.81 = 315.1. Share = 315.1 TWh ÷ China generation 10,087 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"low":0.0151,"central":0.0604,"high":0.1208,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnpc.com.cn/cgn/c101047/2025-11/24/e4e87552e16b4475b6cd1789546cee68/files/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A22024%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A.pdf.pdf","title":"中国广核集团2024年企业社会责任报告 (CGN Group 2024 corporate social responsibility report)","publisher":"中国广核集团有限公司 (CGN Group)","publishedDate":"2025-11-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 12: overseas new-energy projects in 16 countries"},"note":"Judgment (T5): about 4-5% of the 44.3 TWh overseas total in 2024. Share = 2 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,312 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.2667,"central":0.3223,"high":0.381,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnpc.com.cn/cgn/c101047/2025-11/24/e4e87552e16b4475b6cd1789546cee68/files/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A22024%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A.pdf.pdf","title":"中国广核集团2024年企业社会责任报告 (CGN Group 2024 corporate social responsibility report)","publisher":"中国广核集团有限公司 (CGN Group)","publishedDate":"2025-11-24","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 12: overseas new-energy grid supply 443 亿千瓦时 in 2024"},"note":"Overseas controlled grid supply 44.3 TWh in 2024 (company) less 2.0 TWh counted in Europe = 42.3. Share = 42.3 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,123 TWh (world 30,913 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":232.65,"central":232.65,"high":232.65,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net grid delivery of nuclear plants managed by CGN Power (incl. associate Hongyanhe, 100% of output), calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnp.com.cn/cgnp/c100744/2026-03/25/686364f216074f17a519f244025996e3/files/9437ca4db212473ba55ed058947d933a.pdf","title":"中国广核电力股份有限公司2025年年度报告（A股） (CGN Power 2025 annual report, A-share)","publisher":"中国广核电力股份有限公司 (CGN Power)","publishedDate":"2026-03-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"p. 16: nuclear plants managed by CGN Power, grid supply incl. associate: 2,326.48 亿千瓦时 (2025)"},"note":"Nuclear plants managed by CGN Power, 100% of plant output delivered to the grid."},"prior":{"low":227.28,"central":227.28,"high":227.28,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Net grid delivery of nuclear plants managed by CGN Power (incl. associate Hongyanhe, 100% of output), calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnp.com.cn/cgnp/c100744/2026-03/25/686364f216074f17a519f244025996e3/files/9437ca4db212473ba55ed058947d933a.pdf","title":"中国广核电力股份有限公司2025年年度报告（A股） (CGN Power 2025 annual report, A-share)","publisher":"中国广核电力股份有限公司 (CGN Power)","publishedDate":"2026-03-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"p. 16: same table, 2024 column 2,272.84 亿千瓦时"},"note":"Same plants, 2024."}},"committedExpansion":{"low":0.57,"central":0.57,"high":0.57,"unit":"ratio","basis":"Annual output of nuclear capacity under construction ÷ 2025 nuclear grid delivery of the managed fleet (232.65 TWh)","period":"Under construction at 31 December 2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnp.com.cn/cgnp/c100744/2026-03/25/686364f216074f17a519f244025996e3/files/9437ca4db212473ba55ed058947d933a.pdf","title":"中国广核电力股份有限公司2025年年度报告（A股） (CGN Power 2025 annual report, A-share)","publisher":"中国广核电力股份有限公司 (CGN Power)","publishedDate":"2026-03-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"p. 11: nuclear projects under construction, planned capacity 1,695.6 万千瓦 (2024: 731.8); 20 units under construction at 31 Dec 2025 (incl. 4 managed for the controlling shareholder)"},"note":"Planned capacity of nuclear projects under construction 16.956 GW (annual report p. 11) × 7,809 h, the 2025 national nuclear utilisation hours (CEC figure printed in the same report, p. 12) = 132.4 TWh a year; divided by 2025 nuclear grid delivery of the managed fleet, 232.65 TWh: 132.4 ÷ 232.65 = 0.57. The 20 units include 4 that CGN manages for its controlling shareholder; planned capacity is a plan, not delivery."},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"europe":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"523a3464602f44eceb97737cb9e98830c6f65bc526ae68aeb9a15b52f501ed82"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"523a3464602f44eceb97737cb9e98830c6f65bc526ae68aeb9a15b52f501ed82"}}},"dte-energy":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"dte-energy","name":"DTE Energy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":1.1062,"central":1.1062,"high":1.1062,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: DTE Electric Company 48.4; DTE Sustainable Generation 0.6; DTE Stockton LLC 0.4. Share = 50 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.dteenergy.com/","title":"DTE Energy home page","publisher":"DTE Energy","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Electric and gas utility pages refer to Michigan (DTE Electric filing with the Michigan Public Service Commission, 28 April 2026)"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.dteenergy.com/","title":"DTE Energy home page","publisher":"DTE Energy","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Electric and gas utility pages refer to Michigan (DTE Electric filing with the Michigan Public Service Commission, 28 April 2026)"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.dteenergy.com/","title":"DTE Energy home page","publisher":"DTE Energy","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Electric and gas utility pages refer to Michigan (DTE Electric filing with the Michigan Public Service Commission, 28 April 2026)"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"de4ceaf108853cc44fbb72084eb6217fd6570b517d0e8efabbd05f239e5feb68"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"de4ceaf108853cc44fbb72084eb6217fd6570b517d0e8efabbd05f239e5feb68"}}},"vattenfall":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"vattenfall","name":"Vattenfall","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No US generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":2.9531,"central":2.9531,"high":2.9531,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://group.vattenfall.com/globalassets/com/sustainability/vattenfall-annual-and-sustainability-report-2025.pdf","title":"Vattenfall Annual and Sustainability Report 2025","publisher":"Vattenfall AB","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"p. 92, Table 8 (columns 2024 | 2025): 'Total electricity generation, TWh 93.0 | 98.3' (hydro excl. pumped storage 31.1 | 33.5, wind 17.1 | 17.2, nuclear 37.9 | 40.2, fossil 6.8 | 7.1); 'Electricity delivered from storage' 3.5 | 3.8"},"note":"Total electricity generation in 2025 is 98.3 TWh (Table 8, 2025 column: hydro excluding pumped storage 33.5, wind 17.2, solar 0.10, biomass and waste 0.12, nuclear 40.2, fossil 7.1 TWh); a further 3.8 TWh delivered from pumped storage is reported separately and excluded (the management report's 102.1 TWh includes it; 98.3 + 3.8 = 102.1, inside the T1 band). The 93.0 TWh in the 2024 column is the previous year. Consolidated basis (100% of controlled plants), hence offBasis. Share = 98.3 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,328.75 TWh = 2.9531%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside the home region is described in the pages read assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"europe":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"11c29bca7487aec333d92b9bd6bb3a258119ca7f973ac86c17abfd805ffbb7c2"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"11c29bca7487aec333d92b9bd6bb3a258119ca7f973ac86c17abfd805ffbb7c2"}}},"china-three-gorges":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-three-gorges","name":"China Three Gorges Corporation","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of China Three Gorges"}},"china":{"low":2.8362,"central":3.7815,"high":4.916,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Hydro share of China's 2025 generation 14.0% (CEC, printed in CGN Power's 2025 annual report p. 12); China total 10,578 TWh (Ember)"},"note":"Judgment (T5). CTG's own site could not be reached and no CTG generation figure was found. CTG runs the Yangtze cascade (Three Gorges, Gezhouba, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Wudongde, Baihetan) and a large wind and solar business. China's hydro generation in 2025 was about 14.0% of 10,578 TWh = 1,481 TWh (CEC share, Ember total). CTG is judged to supply about 20% of it (296 TWh) and its wind, solar and other plants another 105 TWh: 296 + 105 = 401 TWh, taken as 400; range 300-520. The 20% and 105 TWh are 5LayerCake's judgment. Consolidated gross generation. Share = 400 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"low":0.03,"central":0.1502,"high":0.3004,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment: no CTG document opened; see note"},"note":"Judgment (T5). CTG holds wind and solar plants in Europe (Portugal, Germany, the UK and others) besides its non-controlling 21% stake in EDP, which is counted under EDP. No volume was found; about 5 TWh is assumed, range 1-10. Share = 5 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.263,"central":0.4133,"high":0.5636,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) gross electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment: no CTG document opened; see note"},"note":"Judgment (T5). CTG's overseas plants include Brazilian hydro (former Duke Energy plants, about 8 GW), Peruvian and Pakistani plants. No volume was found; about 55 TWh is assumed, range 35-75. Share = 55 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"europe":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"793809df4b06bc57b4dd75c2bef44c7e19ed37cbadee01657417d507cb5b3010"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"793809df4b06bc57b4dd75c2bef44c7e19ed37cbadee01657417d507cb5b3010"}}},"engie":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"engie","name":"ENGIE","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.6195,"central":0.6195,"high":0.6195,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.engie.com/app/uploads/2026/03/PR-ENGIE-FY-2025-VDEF.pdf","title":"ENGIE FY2025 results (press release; read from the research-folder copy)","publisher":"ENGIE","publishedDate":"2026-02-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Operational KPIs: output (BE + FR, ENGIE share) 23.4 TWh; hydro volumes France 14.6 TWh (100%); renewable and battery capacity 57.2 GW at end-2025"},"note":"Group renewable and battery capacity was 57.2 GW at 100% at end-2025, with 2.4 GW added in the US in 2025 (company); the US share of output is assumed at about 28 TWh. No group generation figure was found. Share = 28 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"low":0.0189,"central":0.0189,"high":0.0189,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.engie.com/app/uploads/2026/03/PR-ENGIE-FY-2025-VDEF.pdf","title":"ENGIE FY2025 results (press release; read from the research-folder copy)","publisher":"ENGIE","publishedDate":"2026-02-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Operational KPIs: output (BE + FR, ENGIE share) 23.4 TWh; hydro volumes France 14.6 TWh (100%); renewable and battery capacity 57.2 GW at end-2025"},"note":"Engie holds small renewable stakes in China; about 2 TWh assumed. No source was found; this is a T5 judgment. Share = 2 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"europe":{"low":2.8539,"central":2.8539,"high":2.8539,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.engie.com/app/uploads/2026/03/PR-ENGIE-FY-2025-VDEF.pdf","title":"ENGIE FY2025 results (press release; read from the research-folder copy)","publisher":"ENGIE","publishedDate":"2026-02-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Operational KPIs: output (BE + FR, ENGIE share) 23.4 TWh; hydro volumes France 14.6 TWh (100%); renewable and battery capacity 57.2 GW at end-2025"},"note":"Sourced parts: nuclear output (BE + FR, ENGIE share) 23.4 TWh and French hydro 14.6 TWh at 100%. Gas, wind, solar and hydro in France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Netherlands and Germany assumed to bring Europe to about 95 TWh. Share = 95 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.7514,"central":0.7514,"high":0.7514,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.engie.com/app/uploads/2026/03/PR-ENGIE-FY-2025-VDEF.pdf","title":"ENGIE FY2025 results (press release; read from the research-folder copy)","publisher":"ENGIE","publishedDate":"2026-02-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Operational KPIs: output (BE + FR, ENGIE share) 23.4 TWh; hydro volumes France 14.6 TWh (100%); renewable and battery capacity 57.2 GW at end-2025"},"note":"Gas-fired power and desalination plants in the Gulf, Latin America (Brazil, Chile, Peru), Africa, Asia and Australia assumed at about 100 TWh (the release gives 0.6 GW renewable additions in Africa/Middle East/Asia and 1.6 GW in Latin America in 2025, not output). Share = 100 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"7caf797923a596c0c05fae4aab3324c8baacfcccaf7122ec947e20c2ce22094d"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"7caf797923a596c0c05fae4aab3324c8baacfcccaf7122ec947e20c2ce22094d"}}},"jera":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"jera","name":"JERA","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.1465,"central":0.1465,"high":0.1465,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Owners named 'Jera Energy America, LLC' (3.75 TWh) and 'JERA Power Linden, LLC' (2.87 TWh) in EIA-923/860; JERA's other US stakes held through partnerships may be missing. Share = 6.62 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.7568,"central":1.7568,"high":1.7568,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"FY ended 31 March 2026","periodEnd":"2026-03-31","source":{"url":"https://www.jera.co.jp/system/files/private/%E3%80%90June%2019,%202026%20Revised%20version%E3%80%9120254Q_Presentation%20Materials.pdf","title":"JERA FY2025 presentation materials, June 19 revised version","publisher":"JERA Co., Inc.","publishedDate":"2026-06-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 14, generation table: reported electricity generation 233.8 TWh, FY ended 31 March 2026"},"note":"Reported electricity generation 233.8 TWh in FY2025 (company presentation, p. 14). The presentation does not say whether overseas stakes are included; the figure is treated as Japan (rest of world), so JERA's US volume (6.6 TWh) may be counted twice, a small overlap. Share = 233.8 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"8d78e81624940fbeacfa53dbca04164d8be9501d185f4c8e82cea400c78a89f8"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"8d78e81624940fbeacfa53dbca04164d8be9501d185f4c8e82cea400c78a89f8"}}},"rwe":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"rwe","name":"RWE","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.5733,"central":0.5733,"high":0.5733,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.rwe.com/-/media/RWE/documents/05-investor-relations/finanzkalendar-und-veroeffentlichungen/2025-GJ/RWE-Annual-Report-2025.pdf","title":"RWE Annual Report 2025","publisher":"RWE AG","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T1","locator":"Power generation from renewables by country: USA 14,316 onshore wind + 11,595 solar = 25,911 GWh (2025)"},"note":"IFRS basis: fully consolidated companies at 100%, minority holdings generally not counted. Share = 25.911 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.rwe.com/-/media/RWE/documents/05-investor-relations/finanzkalendar-und-veroeffentlichungen/2025-GJ/RWE-Annual-Report-2025.pdf","title":"RWE Annual Report 2025","publisher":"RWE AG","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T1","locator":"Generation tables list Germany, UK, Netherlands, Poland, France, Spain, Italy, Sweden, USA, Australia, Türkiye and 'rest of the world'; no China"}},"europe":{"low":2.7564,"central":2.7564,"high":2.7564,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.rwe.com/-/media/RWE/documents/05-investor-relations/finanzkalendar-und-veroeffentlichungen/2025-GJ/RWE-Annual-Report-2025.pdf","title":"RWE Annual Report 2025","publisher":"RWE AG","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T1","locator":"Group 122,342 GWh less USA 25,911, Australia 363, rest of world 262 and Türkiye 4,051"},"note":"Europe = group generation 122,342 GWh less non-European output (USA, Australia, rest of world, Türkiye gas). IFRS basis (100% of consolidated plants). Share = 91.755 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0351,"central":0.0351,"high":0.0351,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.rwe.com/-/media/RWE/documents/05-investor-relations/finanzkalendar-und-veroeffentlichungen/2025-GJ/RWE-Annual-Report-2025.pdf","title":"RWE Annual Report 2025","publisher":"RWE AG","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T1","locator":"Australia 363 + rest of the world 262 + Türkiye gas 4,051 GWh"},"note":"Türkiye (Denizli gas plant) counts in rest of world here. IFRS basis. Share = 4.676 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"283be8bfbfcad42fe64fe1242bc80f897ae415913bf141fb65ba90bf66f40132"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"283be8bfbfcad42fe64fe1242bc80f897ae415913bf141fb65ba90bf66f40132"}}},"saudi-electricity":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"saudi-electricity","name":"Saudi Electricity Company","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Saudi Electricity Company"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Saudi generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Saudi generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":2.2542,"central":2.2542,"high":2.2542,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025; Saudi Arabia 454.6 TWh is the 2024 value (no 2025 value)"},"note":"The company site could not be opened (connection reset). About 300 TWh assumed (about two-thirds of Saudi Arabia's 455 TWh in 2024; independent plants supply the remainder). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 300 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":3,"levelHigh":5}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"117455a228551499c6e883728b8b333d67a68695b688b2a4993f2e9620a3f83e"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"117455a228551499c6e883728b8b333d67a68695b688b2a4993f2e9620a3f83e"}}},"zhejiang-energy":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"zhejiang-energy","name":"Zhejiang Energy Group","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Zhejiang Energy"}},"china":{"low":1.9917,"central":1.9917,"high":1.9917,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://paper.people.com.cn/zgnyb/pc/content/202501/20/content_30053947.html","title":"2024年发电量创新高 实现高质量能源保供 (2024 generation reaches a record, securing energy supply)","publisher":"中国能源报 (China Energy News, People's Daily Online)","publishedDate":"2025-01-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T2","locator":"page 15 (special feature): '浙能集团日前透露，该集团2024年全年累计发电2009亿千瓦时 ... 同比增长7.1%' (the group disclosed that its cumulative 2024 generation was 200.9 billion kWh, up 7.1%)"},"note":"The group disclosed to China Energy News (20 January 2025) that its 2024 cumulative generation was 2,009亿千瓦时 = 200.9 TWh, up 7.1%, its first year above 200 billion kWh (a company figure quoted in the press, T2). This is the latest group-wide annual figure that could be opened: no 2025 full-year group figure was found (China Energy News of 15 December 2025, https://paper.people.com.cn/zgnyb/pc/content/202512/15/content_30125308.html, gives only the group's managed installed capacity, 49.46 GW after the third unit of Taizhou No. 2 plant phase 2 started; its 15 September 2025 report gives only the Jiaxing plant's summer output). The observation is therefore a CY2024 value and the engine widens it for staleness; the 2025 figure is probably higher given the growth rate and new units. The figure covers all generation of the group including managed units, so it is a consolidated or managed basis rather than ownership shares: flagged offBasis. This replaces the earlier T5 assumption of about 90 TWh, which was less than half the reported output. Share = 200.9 TWh ÷ China generation 2024 10,086.88 TWh = 1.9917% (the 2024 national total is used to match the year; against the 2025 total of 10,577.71 TWh the share would be 1.90%). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside China assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"004ceec734b794e550b1ed4554fc71319aee2aa0ccc92c19fabfa1527e9dba0d"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"004ceec734b794e550b1ed4554fc71319aee2aa0ccc92c19fabfa1527e9dba0d"}}},"rosatom":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"rosatom","name":"Rosatom (Rosenergoatom)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Rosatom (Rosenergoatom)"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Russian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Russian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.6407,"central":1.6407,"high":1.6407,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://tass.com/economy/2070147","title":"Russia's nuclear power plants increase electricity output by 1.3% in 2025","publisher":"TASS","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T2","locator":"dateline 'MOSCOW, January 12' with no year printed (the article reports full-year 2025 results, so it was published in January 2026): 'generated 218.349 bln kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity in 2025, up 1.3% from 2024', attributed to Rosenergoatom"},"note":"Rosenergoatom, the Rosatom division that operates all Russian nuclear plants, says its plants generated 218.349 bln kWh in 2025 (TASS report of the company's figure). The World Nuclear Association country profile (opened, undated, https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power) says Rosenergoatom is the only Russian utility operating nuclear power plants, so the company's output is the Russian nuclear total. Cross-check: Ember's Russian Federation nuclear generation for 2025 is 218.65 TWh (https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/, published 2026-06-23), 0.14% higher. The 2023 WNA figure of 217 TWh used before is replaced; Ember does have Russian values for 2025 (total 1,192.79 TWh). Rosatom's small wind and any overseas output are not included (no figure opened). 100% state-owned division, so the output is on the ownership-adjusted basis. Share = 218.349 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada) = 1.6407%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world. Russia is counted in rest of world (the register left the region open)."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"53cf9a6bb275ca7cf8b22bc47f6555181be13752c2cd9302d52f2f2105c2390f"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"53cf9a6bb275ca7cf8b22bc47f6555181be13752c2cd9302d52f2f2105c2390f"}}},"enel":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"enel","name":"Enel (incl. Endesa)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.5531,"central":0.5531,"high":0.5531,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.enel.com/content/dam/enel-common/press/en/2026-march/Enel%20results%20FY2025.pdf","title":"Enel 2025 annual results","publisher":"Enel S.p.A.","publishedDate":"2026-03-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Key figures: electricity generated 186.10 TWh (net, consolidated), 2025; no geographic split in this document"},"note":"Group net generation 186.10 TWh in 2025 (company, no geographic split in the release). Enel Green Power North America assumed at about 13% of the total. The split is 5LayerCake's judgment (T5). Share = 25 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":3.1543,"central":3.1543,"high":3.1543,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.enel.com/content/dam/enel-common/press/en/2026-march/Enel%20results%20FY2025.pdf","title":"Enel 2025 annual results","publisher":"Enel S.p.A.","publishedDate":"2026-03-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Key figures: electricity generated 186.10 TWh (net, consolidated), 2025; no geographic split in this document"},"note":"Italy plus Iberia plus Romania/Greece assumed at about 56% of the 186.10 TWh group net generation. The split is 5LayerCake's judgment (T5). Share = 105 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.4208,"central":0.4208,"high":0.4208,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.enel.com/content/dam/enel-common/press/en/2026-march/Enel%20results%20FY2025.pdf","title":"Enel 2025 annual results","publisher":"Enel S.p.A.","publishedDate":"2026-03-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Key figures: electricity generated 186.10 TWh (net, consolidated), 2025; no geographic split in this document"},"note":"Latin America (Chile, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Argentina) and other regions assumed at about 30% of the 186.10 TWh. The split is 5LayerCake's judgment (T5). Share = 56 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":186.1,"central":186.1,"high":186.1,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Group net electricity generated (consolidated), calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.enel.com/content/dam/enel-common/press/en/2026-march/Enel%20results%20FY2025.pdf","title":"Enel 2025 annual results","publisher":"Enel S.p.A.","publishedDate":"2026-03-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Key figures p. 9-10: electricity generated 186.10 TWh in 2025 against 191.87 TWh in 2024 (net, consolidated); 200.3 TWh including net non-consolidated generation; no geographic split"},"note":"Group net consolidated generation."},"prior":{"low":191.87,"central":191.87,"high":191.87,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Group net electricity generated (consolidated), calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.enel.com/content/dam/enel-common/press/en/2026-march/Enel%20results%20FY2025.pdf","title":"Enel 2025 annual results","publisher":"Enel S.p.A.","publishedDate":"2026-03-19","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Key figures: electricity generated 191.87 TWh in 2024 (-3.0% in 2025)"},"note":"Group net consolidated generation, 2024."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"5b78ff5653de471f963924453f2c1edd941bfab37a5b995449a2e6ce13be57a2"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"5b78ff5653de471f963924453f2c1edd941bfab37a5b995449a2e6ce13be57a2"}}},"cfe":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cfe","name":"Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE)"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Mexican generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Mexican generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.4277,"central":1.4277,"high":1.4277,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"CFE's site failed the certificate check (not bypassed). About 190 TWh assumed (about 53% of Mexico's 357 TWh, its own plants; independent producers supply the rest). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 190 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"5c48f5d55fe997b1b88beebf7d031827f23f1490bd96301e742fec995335c56a"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"5c48f5d55fe997b1b88beebf7d031827f23f1490bd96301e742fec995335c56a"}}},"cez":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cez","name":"ČEZ","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No US generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":1.3857,"central":1.3857,"high":1.3857,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cez.cz/webpublic/file/edee/ospol/fileexport/investori/vz-2025/cez-group-annual-financial-report-2025.pdf","title":"ČEZ Group Annual Financial Report 2025","publisher":"ČEZ, a. s.","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T1","locator":"PDF p. 93, section 3.1 'Electricity Procured and Sold by CEZ Group (GWh)', 2025 column: 'Electricity generated' 46,128; 'Electricity generated (gross)' 51,185; in-house and other consumption, including pumping, (5,056). Same table, 2024 column: 46,128 vs 45,629 net; 51,185 vs 50,618 gross"},"note":"Net electricity generation of the consolidated group in 2025 is 46,128 GWh = 46.1 TWh (the report's 'Electricity generated', which is gross generation of 51,185 GWh less 5,056 GWh of in-house and other consumption including pumping in pumped-storage plants). The Operating Indicators table (PDF p. 14, columns 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025) gives the gross figure as 56.0 | 54.3 | 51.5 | 50.6 | 51.2 TWh; the 56.0 and 54.3 used before were the 2021 and 2022 columns. Net is used because the card measures net generation; gross of 51.2 TWh would give 1.538% of Europe. Consolidated basis (100% of controlled plants), hence offBasis; the Turkish plants are excluded here because they are held under the equity method and are counted in rest of world. Czech nuclear and coal plus renewables in Czechia, Germany, Romania and elsewhere in Europe. Share = 46.128 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,328.75 TWh = 1.3857%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0107,"central":0.0107,"high":0.0107,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cez.cz/webpublic/file/edee/ospol/fileexport/investori/vz-2025/cez-group-annual-financial-report-2025.pdf","title":"ČEZ Group Annual Financial Report 2025","publisher":"ČEZ, a. s.","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T1","locator":"PDF p. 95, section 3.2.2 'Electricity generation – Turkey': total 4,036 GWh (2024) and 3,815 GWh (2025); PDF p. 64: 'In Turkey, CEZ Group is active in the generation of electricity'; PDF p. 159 group structure: 37.36% of Akenerji Elektrik Üretim A.Ş."},"note":"The report says ČEZ Group is active in generating electricity in Turkey, with results entering the accounts by the equity method (Akenerji Elektrik Üretim A.Ş., ČEZ holds 37.36% through CEZ MH B.V.), and gives a Turkish generation table: 3,815 GWh in 2025 (gas 3,364, hydro 319, wind 83, solar 15, biomass 35). The table covers the Turkish plants as a whole and is excluded from the group's consolidated balance, so the ownership-adjusted figure is 3.815 TWh × 37.36% = 1.425 TWh. Share = 1.425 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada) = 0.0107%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024). The 37.36% interest comes from the report's group structure chart as at the report date; it is assumed unchanged through 2025."}},"priorShares":{"europe":{"low":1.3776,"central":1.3776,"high":1.3776,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cez.cz/webpublic/file/edee/ospol/fileexport/investori/vz-2025/cez-group-annual-financial-report-2025.pdf","title":"ČEZ Group Annual Financial Report 2025","publisher":"ČEZ, a. s.","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T1","locator":"PDF p. 93, section 3.1, 2024 column: 'Electricity generated' 45,629 GWh; 'Electricity generated (gross)' 50,618 GWh"},"note":"Net electricity generation of the consolidated group in 2024 is 45,629 GWh = 45.6 TWh (gross 50,618 GWh less 4,990 GWh in-house and other consumption including pumping), 2024 column of the same table as the 2025 observation, so the two share one basis. Consolidated, hence offBasis. Share = 45.629 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,312.10 TWh = 1.3776%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0115,"central":0.0115,"high":0.0115,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cez.cz/webpublic/file/edee/ospol/fileexport/investori/vz-2025/cez-group-annual-financial-report-2025.pdf","title":"ČEZ Group Annual Financial Report 2025","publisher":"ČEZ, a. s.","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T1","locator":"PDF p. 95, section 3.2.2, 2024 column: total 4,036 GWh"},"note":"Same table and 37.36% interest as the 2025 observation: 4.036 TWh × 37.36% = 1.508 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,123.0 TWh (2024: world 30,912.5 less US, China and Europe) = 0.0115%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2024."}},"activityGrowth":{"current":{"low":46.128,"central":46.128,"high":46.128,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Electricity generated (net of in-house and other consumption, including pumping), calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cez.cz/webpublic/file/edee/ospol/fileexport/investori/vz-2025/cez-group-annual-financial-report-2025.pdf","title":"ČEZ Group Annual Financial Report 2025","publisher":"ČEZ, a. s.","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T1","locator":"PDF p. 93, section 3.1: 'Electricity generated' 46,128 GWh in 2025 (45,629 GWh in 2024)"},"note":"Net generation of the consolidated group, 2025 column of the electricity balance; gross of 51,185 GWh less 5,056 GWh in-house consumption and pumping. Same table and basis as the prior."},"prior":{"low":45.629,"central":45.629,"high":45.629,"unit":"TWh","basis":"Electricity generated (net of in-house and other consumption, including pumping), calendar year, TWh","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cez.cz/webpublic/file/edee/ospol/fileexport/investori/vz-2025/cez-group-annual-financial-report-2025.pdf","title":"ČEZ Group Annual Financial Report 2025","publisher":"ČEZ, a. s.","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T1","locator":"PDF p. 93, section 3.1: 'Electricity generated' 45,629 GWh in 2024"},"note":"Net generation of the consolidated group, 2024 column of the same table; gross of 50,618 GWh less 4,990 GWh in-house consumption and pumping."}},"screening":{"europe":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":5},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"5dc39412cb76cb133bd30ba1923cabb5633d0aa0207dfcabdeffad34abae74cd"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"5dc39412cb76cb133bd30ba1923cabb5633d0aa0207dfcabdeffad34abae74cd"}}},"statkraft":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"statkraft","name":"Statkraft","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No US generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":1.8025,"central":1.8025,"high":1.8025,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.statkraft.com/IR/financial-key-figures/","title":"Statkraft financial key figures","publisher":"Statkraft AS","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Production, actual: 66.3 TWh (2024); installed capacity 22,288 MW (2024). Key figures include consolidated companies"},"note":"Production 66.3 TWh in 2024 (company), a stale year (no 2025 figure on the page). Norway, Sweden, Germany, UK, Spain and other European output assumed at about 60 TWh; the rest in Chile, Brazil, India, Turkey and Peru. Share = 60 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0473,"central":0.0473,"high":0.0473,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2024","periodEnd":"2024-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.statkraft.com/IR/financial-key-figures/","title":"Statkraft financial key figures","publisher":"Statkraft AS","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Production, actual: 66.3 TWh (2024); installed capacity 22,288 MW (2024). Key figures include consolidated companies"},"note":"Outside Europe: 66.3 TWh less the assumed 60 TWh European output, 2024. Share = 6.3 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"europe":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"84f5c373fe8c30d9331bf72a6caf1abf8b6bab67dbb2909a926e7a639526942a"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"84f5c373fe8c30d9331bf72a6caf1abf8b6bab67dbb2909a926e7a639526942a"}}},"iberdrola":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"iberdrola","name":"Iberdrola (incl. Avangrid, ScottishPower, Neoenergia)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.6195,"central":0.6195,"high":0.6195,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.iberdrola.com/shareholders-investors/operational-financial-information/factbook","title":"Iberdrola Factbook: 2025 operating data","publisher":"Iberdrola","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Operating figures: net electricity production 129.043 TWh, installed capacity 58.343 GW, FY2025 (captured in the earlier research folder; the host refuses automated requests, so not re-opened)"},"note":"Group net production 129.043 TWh (FY2025). Avangrid (US, wholly owned since Dec 2024) assumed at about 22% of that. The split is 5LayerCake's judgment (T5). Share = 28 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":2.2531,"central":2.2531,"high":2.2531,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.iberdrola.com/shareholders-investors/operational-financial-information/factbook","title":"Iberdrola Factbook: 2025 operating data","publisher":"Iberdrola","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Operating figures: net electricity production 129.043 TWh, installed capacity 58.343 GW, FY2025 (captured in the earlier research folder; the host refuses automated requests, so not re-opened)"},"note":"Spain, UK (ScottishPower), Portugal and offshore wind in Germany and France assumed at about 58% of the 129.043 TWh. The split is 5LayerCake's judgment (T5). Share = 75 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.1954,"central":0.1954,"high":0.1954,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.iberdrola.com/shareholders-investors/operational-financial-information/factbook","title":"Iberdrola Factbook: 2025 operating data","publisher":"Iberdrola","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Operating figures: net electricity production 129.043 TWh, installed capacity 58.343 GW, FY2025 (captured in the earlier research folder; the host refuses automated requests, so not re-opened)"},"note":"Brazil (Neoenergia), Mexico and Australia assumed at about 20% of the 129.043 TWh. The split is 5LayerCake's judgment (T5). Share = 26 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"a1215e5a80ab59c598c8b86b5c837edcfb29067f45bfdb95f82d4a20dddedad1"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"a1215e5a80ab59c598c8b86b5c837edcfb29067f45bfdb95f82d4a20dddedad1"}}},"pge-polska":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"pge-polska","name":"PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets contain no PGE Polska entity"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":1.5621,"central":1.5621,"high":1.5621,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"PGE's site could not be opened (connection refused). About 52 TWh assumed (about 30% of Poland's 173 TWh, mainly lignite and hard coal plus wind). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 52 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside Poland assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"europe":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"275fe0cd6be8864c94b2def9ee7e44812466d35b6e254bad7c1de0ebef5becc6"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"275fe0cd6be8864c94b2def9ee7e44812466d35b6e254bad7c1de0ebef5becc6"}}},"pln":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"pln","name":"PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara)"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Indonesian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Indonesian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.2774,"central":1.2774,"high":1.2774,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025; Indonesia 371.5 TWh is the 2024 value"},"note":"No report was opened. About 170 TWh assumed (PLN's own plants and subsidiaries, about 46% of Indonesia's 372 TWh in 2024; independent producers supply the rest). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 170 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"983118028510c45833588d89c670c2e317dc48c731f5e1fdc23e2df673755619"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"983118028510c45833588d89c670c2e317dc48c731f5e1fdc23e2df673755619"}}},"cnnc":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cnnc","name":"CNNC (China National Nuclear Power)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of CNNC"}},"china":{"low":1.6072,"central":1.9437,"high":2.2689,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.cgnp.com.cn/cgnp/c100744/2026-03/25/686364f216074f17a519f244025996e3/files/9437ca4db212473ba55ed058947d933a.pdf","title":"中国广核电力股份有限公司2025年年度报告（A股） (CGN Power 2025 annual report, A-share)","publisher":"中国广核电力股份有限公司 (CGN Power)","publishedDate":"2026-03-25","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"p. 11: China's commercial nuclear units delivered 4,389.29 亿千瓦时 to the grid in 2025; CGN Power's managed plants 2,326.48 亿千瓦时 (53.00%)"},"note":"Judgment (T5). CNNC's own pages could not be opened (cnnc.com.cn refused automated access). China's 59 commercial nuclear units delivered 438.93 TWh (4,389.29 亿千瓦时) in 2025, of which CGN Power's plants delivered 232.65 TWh (2,326.48 亿千瓦时) (both from CGN Power's 2025 annual report); China Huaneng's nuclear output is 0.683 TWh (6.83 亿千瓦时, 0.08% of its 8,626 亿千瓦时 domestic generation, chart on p. 21 of its 2025 ESG report, https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf; the earlier 6.83 TWh misread the unit). The remainder is 438.93 − 232.65 − 0.683 = 205.6 TWh, which belongs mainly to CNNC and partly to SPIC and others; about 40 TWh is assigned to SPIC and others (judgment), leaving 165.6 TWh for CNNC-operated plants. CNNC's hydro, wind and solar (CNNC New Energy) is judged at about 40 TWh (range 20-60). Total 165.6 + 40 = 205.6 TWh, range 170-240. Consolidated basis. Share = 205.6 TWh ÷ China generation 10,577.71 TWh = 1.9437%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.015,"central":0.0376,"high":0.0751,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power","title":"Nuclear Power in China","publisher":"World Nuclear Association","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Country data: China nuclear generation 451 TWh (2024); Pakistan units built by CNNC are operated by Pakistan's atomic energy commission"},"note":"Judgment (T5). CNNC builds nuclear units in Pakistan (Chashma) that Pakistan's own commission operates, so little of that output is CNNC's; about 5 TWh of overseas renewable and other output is assumed, range 2-10. Share = 5 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"4e748b31c0b3b67df019d6200d8d8b0a8cee59bc27535ec4f452e2b4345adf95"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"4e748b31c0b3b67df019d6200d8d8b0a8cee59bc27535ec4f452e2b4345adf95"}}},"rushydro":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"rushydro","name":"RusHydro","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of RusHydro"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Russian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Russian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.0708,"central":1.0708,"high":1.0708,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants, including the Boguchany HPP joint venture) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://energyland.info/news-show--gidro-284533","title":"Net profit of RusHydro for 2025 was 117.8 billion rubles","publisher":"Energyland.info","publishedDate":"2026-07-02","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T2","locator":"text: 'Выработка электроэнергии объектами, принадлежащими группе РусГидро, составила 142,5 млрд кВт•ч' (generation by facilities belonging to the RusHydro group: 142.5 bn kWh), in the report on the group's 2025 results"},"note":"The company's 2025 generation reported in the trade press is 142.5 bn kWh for facilities belonging to the RusHydro group (T2: a company figure quoted in the press; the company's own site could not be used because rushydro.ru has a certificate error, which was not bypassed). Interfax (https://www.interfax.ru/business/1054192, 23 October 2025) reports RusHydro's January-September 2025 generation of 106.3 bn kWh 'including the Boguchany HPP, part of a joint venture with Rusal' (HPPs and pumped storage 85.2, Far East thermal plants 20.8); the energyland.info text does not say whether Boguchany is included in the full-year 142.5, but the group's reported totals include it (the plant is a joint venture, so RusHydro owns only part of it), and the same basis is presumed. No opened source gives Boguchany's output, so no ownership adjustment is made: the observation is flagged offBasis (consolidated) and the engine widens it by 25 points. This replaces the earlier T5 judgment of 105 TWh based on a 2023 national total; Ember does have a Russian value for 2025 (1,192.79 TWh total, hydro 199.73 TWh). Share = 142.5 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada) = 1.0708%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world. Russia is counted in rest of world (the register left the region open).","offBasis":true}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"02c6debc287cb4738c0e86b3674c4c1d514da3d4fbd405f88f168a36cce03a33"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"02c6debc287cb4738c0e86b3674c4c1d514da3d4fbd405f88f168a36cce03a33"}}},"china-resources-power":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-resources-power","name":"China Resources Power","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of China Resources Power"}},"china":{"low":2.144,"central":2.144,"high":2.144,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0318/2026031800237.pdf","title":"Announcement of annual results for the year ended 31 December 2025","publisher":"China Resources Power Holdings Company Limited (HKEX announcement)","publishedDate":"2026-03-18","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T1","locator":"PDF p. 4, 'Net generation volume and tariffs': 'the total net generation volume of the Group's consolidated power plants amounted to 226,790GWh, increased by 7.0% from 2024'; PDF p. 3 'Installed capacity': manageable grid-connected capacity 104,118 MW, attributable 89,647 MW"},"note":"The audited annual results announcement (HKEX, 18 March 2026) says the Group's consolidated power plants had a total net generation volume of 226,790 GWh in 2025 (+7.0%), in mainland China (wind, photovoltaic and thermal plants; thermal +1.3%). This is net generation of the consolidated plants (100%), not electricity sold and not an annualised headline, and replaces the earlier undated website headline (about 160 TWh in 11 months, annualised to 175 TWh), which belonged to an earlier year. Consolidated basis, hence offBasis: the Group's attributable installed capacity is 89,647 MW of 104,118 MW manageable (86%), so an ownership-adjusted figure would be about 195 TWh, inside the 25-point widening the engine adds. Share = 226.79 TWh ÷ China generation 10,577.71 TWh = 2.144%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside mainland China (Hong Kong supply is Hong Kong Electric and CLP, not CR Power) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"dc69520a2261932a8f4b58cb9a847c41e7893ee50d843135ee1c90af09a9a17f"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"dc69520a2261932a8f4b58cb9a847c41e7893ee50d843135ee1c90af09a9a17f"}}},"uniper":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"uniper","name":"Uniper","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets contain no Uniper entity"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":1.6523,"central":1.6523,"high":1.6523,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"Uniper's site refused automated access (HTTP 403). About 55 TWh assumed for gas, hydro, biomass and coal in Germany, UK, Sweden, Netherlands and Hungary (about 11% of Germany's 500 TWh). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 55 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside Europe (Unipro in Russia was sold in 2023) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"d6ccfc7eedf7cf98357d6d0ab34e4acc76efa150fabc61c506f5b2b8e6cc1147"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"d6ccfc7eedf7cf98357d6d0ab34e4acc76efa150fabc61c506f5b2b8e6cc1147"}}},"fortum":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"fortum","name":"Fortum","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets contain no Fortum entity"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":1.0815,"central":1.0815,"high":1.0815,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"Fortum's site refused automated access (HTTP 406). About 36 TWh assumed for Nordic hydro, nuclear shares (Loviisa, Olkiluoto, Forsmark, Oskarshamn) and wind/solar. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 36 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.015,"central":0.015,"high":0.015,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"Fortum has small solar and wind in India; assumed about 2 TWh. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 2 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"europe":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"4f09e78ae05c18eb715d0d862d5ab2579d5c2136efed66a8c65fe0481f3dff29"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"4f09e78ae05c18eb715d0d862d5ab2579d5c2136efed66a8c65fe0481f3dff29"}}},"leag":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"leag","name":"LEAG (Lausitz Energie)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets contain no LEAG entity"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":1.3519,"central":1.3519,"high":1.3519,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"LEAG's lignite plants (Jänschwalde, Boxberg, Schwarze Pumpe) and renewables in Lusatia are assumed to supply about 9% of Germany's 500 TWh. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 45 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside Germany assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"5c2c53844484321bc718c1ca0db3462fe426b5e97c3fd9764b518fd7f137e8e5"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"5c2c53844484321bc718c1ca0db3462fe426b5e97c3fd9764b518fd7f137e8e5"}}},"edp":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"edp","name":"Energias de Portugal (EDP)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.3982,"central":0.3982,"high":0.3982,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"9M2026 annualised","periodEnd":"2026-09-30","source":{"url":"https://edp.com/sites/default/files/document/2026-10/EDP_OperatingDataPreview_9M26.pdf","title":"EDP operating data preview 9M26","publisher":"EDP - Energias de Portugal","publishedDate":"2026-10","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Highlights: electricity generation 48.3 TWh in 9M26 (+0.5% vs 9M25); renewables section generation 30.9 TWh (+2%), North America the main growth driver"},"note":"Group generation 48.3 TWh in 9M26 (+0.5% on 9M25), about 64 TWh a year; a renewables section gives 30.9 TWh (+2%), with North America the main growth driver. US assumed at about 18 TWh a year. Share = 18 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":1.1416,"central":1.1416,"high":1.1416,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"9M2026 annualised","periodEnd":"2026-09-30","source":{"url":"https://edp.com/sites/default/files/document/2026-10/EDP_OperatingDataPreview_9M26.pdf","title":"EDP operating data preview 9M26","publisher":"EDP - Energias de Portugal","publishedDate":"2026-10","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Highlights: electricity generation 48.3 TWh in 9M26 (+0.5% vs 9M25); renewables section generation 30.9 TWh (+2%), North America the main growth driver"},"note":"Iberian hydro, CCGT and wind plus EDPR Europe, assumed at about 38 TWh a year. Share = 38 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0601,"central":0.0601,"high":0.0601,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"9M2026 annualised","periodEnd":"2026-09-30","source":{"url":"https://edp.com/sites/default/files/document/2026-10/EDP_OperatingDataPreview_9M26.pdf","title":"EDP operating data preview 9M26","publisher":"EDP - Energias de Portugal","publishedDate":"2026-10","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Highlights: electricity generation 48.3 TWh in 9M26 (+0.5% vs 9M25); renewables section generation 30.9 TWh (+2%), North America the main growth driver"},"note":"Brazil hydro and Asia-Pacific renewables, assumed at about 8 TWh a year. Share = 8 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"43216fe83540779cd7604783432e716bff45a3f1ce4794d35bc434633702d103"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"43216fe83540779cd7604783432e716bff45a3f1ce4794d35bc434633702d103"}}},"gazprom":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"gazprom","name":"Gazprom (Gazprom Energoholding)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Gazprom (Gazprom Energoholding)"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Russian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Russian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.1284,"central":1.1284,"high":1.1284,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ru.themoscowtimes.com/2026/01/28/mosenergo-sokratila-proizvodstvo-eenergii-na-2-v-25g-a185692","title":"Мосэнерго сократила производство э/энергии на 2% в 25г","publisher":"The Moscow Times (wire report)","publishedDate":"2026-01-28","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T2","locator":"text: Mosenergo 'снизила производство электроэнергии 2025 году на 2% до 64,77 миллиарда киловатт-часов'"},"note":"Sum of the 2025 generation of Gazprom Energoholding's three large generating companies, as reported in the press from the companies' figures: Mosenergo 64.77 bn kWh (The Moscow Times, 28 January 2026, the source above); OGK-2 55.7 bn kWh, down 3% from 57.4 (AK&M, 20 January 2026, https://www.akm.ru/eng/news/ogk-2-reduced-electricity-generation-by-3-in-2025/, which names Gazprom Energoholding, wholly owned by Gazprom, as OGK-2's controlling shareholder); TGC-1 29.7 bn kWh, down 0.2% (The Moscow Times, 28 January 2026, https://ru.themoscowtimes.com/2026/01/28/tgk-1-sokratila-proizvodstvo-eenergii-na-02-v-25g-a185682; TASS gives 29.68 bn kWh and says Gazprom Energoholding holds 51.79% of TGC-1). 64.77 + 55.7 + 29.7 = 150.17 TWh. Consolidated figures (100% of controlled plants), hence offBasis: Gazprom Energoholding's stakes are below 100% (51.79% of TGC-1); no source for the other stakes was opened. Smaller Gazprom Energoholding plants and any Gazprom generation outside the group are not included, so the total is a floor of a few percent. This replaces the earlier T5 judgment of 140 TWh taken from a 2023 national total; Ember does have a Russian value for 2025 (1,192.79 TWh). Share = 150.17 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada) = 1.1284%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world. Russia is counted in rest of world (the register left the region open).","offBasis":true}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"50271b35f9deddf90e9996ec83fc89dd0272526de021e17820fbff7c077296c1"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"50271b35f9deddf90e9996ec83fc89dd0272526de021e17820fbff7c077296c1"}}},"eletrobras":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"eletrobras","name":"Eletrobras (Axia Energia)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Eletrobras (Axia Energia)"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Brazilian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Brazilian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":1.2023,"central":1.2023,"high":1.2023,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"No report was opened. About 160 TWh assumed (about 21% of Brazil's 751 TWh; Furnas, Chesf, Eletronorte hydro plus Angra nuclear). Itaipu is a separate candidate and is excluded here. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 160 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"2e782bebbe64ccf6dbeb769f22b09eca4bd6183b6e4649daa420350a558eac85"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"2e782bebbe64ccf6dbeb769f22b09eca4bd6183b6e4649daa420350a558eac85"}}},"invenergy":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"invenergy","name":"Invenergy","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.885,"central":0.885,"high":0.885,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"'Invenergy Services LLC' owns 35.0 TWh in EIA-923/860; other Invenergy project companies carry their own names and are not recognised, so about 40 TWh is assumed. Share = 40 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":0.0901,"central":0.0901,"high":0.0901,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"Invenergy's wind and solar projects in Poland, Scotland and Spain assumed at about 3 TWh. No source was found; this is a T5 judgment. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 3 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0376,"central":0.0376,"high":0.0376,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"Invenergy's projects in Canada, Mexico and Japan assumed at about 5 TWh. No source was found; this is a T5 judgment. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 5 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"161525cd8e9c56e023d6370cda22392c3ac17263637e1ed8da7af6ccc28dd9e6"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"161525cd8e9c56e023d6370cda22392c3ac17263637e1ed8da7af6ccc28dd9e6"}}},"aes":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"aes","name":"AES","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.6859,"central":0.6859,"high":0.6859,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Only plants held in entities named AES (AES Indiana, AES Clean Energy, AES Distributed Energy, Huntington Beach, Alamitos) are counted; project-company names of other AES US wind and solar plants are not recognised, so this is a floor. Entities: AES Indiana 15.0; AES Distributed Energy 7.9; AES Clean Energy 6.2; AES Huntington Beach Energy, LLC 1.0. Share = 31 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":0.0901,"central":0.0901,"high":0.0901,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.aes.com/sites/vault/files/2026-03/AES-Corp-2025-Annual-Report-03-20-2026.pdf","title":"AES 2025 Annual Report","publisher":"The AES Corporation","publishedDate":"2026-03-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Business overview: owned or operated generation capacity 34,740 MW at year-end 2025 (includes non-wholly-owned assets; not equity-adjusted); countries include Colombia, Panama, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Bulgaria, Jordan and the Netherlands"},"note":"AES Maritza (Bulgaria, about 0.7 GW coal) and Dutch assets; about 3 TWh assumed, volume not disclosed in the part read. Share = 3 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.5636,"central":0.5636,"high":0.5636,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.aes.com/sites/vault/files/2026-03/AES-Corp-2025-Annual-Report-03-20-2026.pdf","title":"AES 2025 Annual Report","publisher":"The AES Corporation","publishedDate":"2026-03-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-21","tier":"T5","locator":"Business overview: owned or operated generation capacity 34,740 MW at year-end 2025 (includes non-wholly-owned assets; not equity-adjusted); countries include Colombia, Panama, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Bulgaria, Jordan and the Netherlands"},"note":"Owned or operated capacity 34,740 MW (not equity-adjusted) of which about 12-15 GW is in the US; the remaining ~20 GW in Chile, Colombia, Panama, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Brazil, El Salvador, Vietnam and Jordan x 43% x 8.76 = 75 TWh. Split and load factor are assumptions. Share = 75 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"091d356c614588107ec7bc9f13886f2ee9c6086a2add7e1f40b21fcbd968a71e"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"091d356c614588107ec7bc9f13886f2ee9c6086a2add7e1f40b21fcbd968a71e"}}},"evergy":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"evergy","name":"Evergy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.8385,"central":0.8385,"high":0.8385,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Evergy Metro 19.1; Evergy Kansas Central, Inc 11.0; Evergy Kansas South, Inc 5.3. Share = 37.9 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"eb9c61b452ba1aa0065ab7ac923dd2e737d693c0b84e15e97a7bbef1d00a3a13"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"eb9c61b452ba1aa0065ab7ac923dd2e737d693c0b84e15e97a7bbef1d00a3a13"}}},"oglethorpe-power":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"oglethorpe-power","name":"Oglethorpe Power","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.7522,"central":0.7522,"high":0.7522,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Oglethorpe Power Corporation 34.0. Share = 34 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.opc.com/","title":"Oglethorpe Power home page","publisher":"Oglethorpe Power Corporation","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"'one of the largest energy producers in Georgia, generating much of the electric power that electric membership corporations deliver to the millions of Georgians they serve'"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.opc.com/","title":"Oglethorpe Power home page","publisher":"Oglethorpe Power Corporation","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"'one of the largest energy producers in Georgia, generating much of the electric power that electric membership corporations deliver to the millions of Georgians they serve'"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.opc.com/","title":"Oglethorpe Power home page","publisher":"Oglethorpe Power Corporation","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"'one of the largest energy producers in Georgia, generating much of the electric power that electric membership corporations deliver to the millions of Georgians they serve'"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"fadae83e90a7a3442331e97979f06db62ea5404c79373c34e4755af69895425d"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"fadae83e90a7a3442331e97979f06db62ea5404c79373c34e4755af69895425d"}}},"sdic-power":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"sdic-power","name":"SDIC Power","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of SDIC Power"}},"china":{"low":1.0399,"central":1.0399,"high":1.0399,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"About 110 TWh assumed (about 1% of China; hydro on the Yalong River plus coal, wind and solar). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 110 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0225,"central":0.0225,"high":0.0225,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"Overseas stakes (Myanmar, Kenya and others) assumed at about 3 TWh. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 3 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"0b29f3a34e6662ef9768f15d5b345118d3a5d8ea150c2a395fc84905f77446a5"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"0b29f3a34e6662ef9768f15d5b345118d3a5d8ea150c2a395fc84905f77446a5"}}},"ameren":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"ameren","name":"Ameren","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.7102,"central":0.7102,"high":0.7102,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Union Electric Co - (MO) 32.1. Share = 32.1 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.ameren.com/about","title":"About Ameren","publisher":"Ameren Corporation","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Site location selector lists Missouri and Illinois as the service locations"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.ameren.com/about","title":"About Ameren","publisher":"Ameren Corporation","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Site location selector lists Missouri and Illinois as the service locations"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.ameren.com/about","title":"About Ameren","publisher":"Ameren Corporation","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Site location selector lists Missouri and Illinois as the service locations"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"1f614370a0d498d0005cec0ebf2787829e207e87669220cffdddc1907e1289e9"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"1f614370a0d498d0005cec0ebf2787829e207e87669220cffdddc1907e1289e9"}}},"ppl":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"ppl","name":"PPL (LG&E and KU)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.7102,"central":0.7102,"high":0.7102,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Kentucky Utilities Co 20.0; Louisville Gas & Electric Co 12.1. Louisville Gas & Electric and Kentucky Utilities (LG&E and KU). Share = 32.1 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"9c85a48761c0c02200b24224bf3303e3ea1989088c5a7d350fc9368bc9e30bf9"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"9c85a48761c0c02200b24224bf3303e3ea1989088c5a7d350fc9368bc9e30bf9"}}},"wec-energy":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"wec-energy","name":"WEC Energy Group","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.7014,"central":0.7014,"high":0.7014,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: We Power 13.4; Wisconsin Public Service Corp 11.6; Wisconsin Electric Power Co 6.6. Includes We Power, a WEC generation subsidiary. Share = 31.7 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.wecenergygroup.com/","title":"WEC Energy Group home page","publisher":"WEC Energy Group","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Page description: 'WEC Energy Group (NYSE: WEC), based in Milwaukee, is one of the nation's premier energy companies, serving 4.4 million customers in Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan and Minnesota'; the service area named is in US states only, so no plant in this region is described"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.wecenergygroup.com/","title":"WEC Energy Group home page","publisher":"WEC Energy Group","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Page description: 'WEC Energy Group (NYSE: WEC), based in Milwaukee, is one of the nation's premier energy companies, serving 4.4 million customers in Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan and Minnesota'; the service area named is in US states only, so no plant in this region is described"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.wecenergygroup.com/","title":"WEC Energy Group home page","publisher":"WEC Energy Group","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Page description: 'WEC Energy Group (NYSE: WEC), based in Milwaukee, is one of the nation's premier energy companies, serving 4.4 million customers in Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan and Minnesota'; the service area named is in US states only, so no plant in this region is described"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"eb0f75d281343b545c0c1521b37ffd85c9b30b6dbf1b4425a447e825bc805f3d"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"eb0f75d281343b545c0c1521b37ffd85c9b30b6dbf1b4425a447e825bc805f3d"}}},"pge":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"pge","name":"PG&E","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.6925,"central":0.6925,"high":0.6925,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Pacific Gas & Electric Co. 31.3. Share = 31.3 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.pge.com/","title":"Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) home page","publisher":"Pacific Gas and Electric Company","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Page description: 'PG&E provides natural gas and electric service to residential and business customers in northern and central California'; the service area named is in US states only, so no plant in this region is described"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.pge.com/","title":"Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) home page","publisher":"Pacific Gas and Electric Company","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Page description: 'PG&E provides natural gas and electric service to residential and business customers in northern and central California'; the service area named is in US states only, so no plant in this region is described"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.pge.com/","title":"Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) home page","publisher":"Pacific Gas and Electric Company","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Page description: 'PG&E provides natural gas and electric service to residential and business customers in northern and central California'; the service area named is in US states only, so no plant in this region is described"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"b6769ad2dcbf7e2b87c58b394396cfcca2fa3f6defec5e1c94b2047cf61ccda3"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"b6769ad2dcbf7e2b87c58b394396cfcca2fa3f6defec5e1c94b2047cf61ccda3"}}},"pseg":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"pseg","name":"PSEG (PSEG Power nuclear)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.6859,"central":0.6859,"high":0.6859,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: PSEG Nuclear LLC 19.9; Public Service Elec & Gas Co 11.1; PSEG Solar Source 0.0. Share = 31 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.pseg.com/","title":"PSEG home page (site selector)","publisher":"Public Service Enterprise Group","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Site selector offers 'I have service in New Jersey' and 'I have service in Long Island or the Rockaways, NY'; the service area named is in US states only, so no plant in this region is described"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.pseg.com/","title":"PSEG home page (site selector)","publisher":"Public Service Enterprise Group","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Site selector offers 'I have service in New Jersey' and 'I have service in Long Island or the Rockaways, NY'; the service area named is in US states only, so no plant in this region is described"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.pseg.com/","title":"PSEG home page (site selector)","publisher":"Public Service Enterprise Group","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Site selector offers 'I have service in New Jersey' and 'I have service in Long Island or the Rockaways, NY'; the service area named is in US states only, so no plant in this region is described"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"c6796d97ffe56e8bdccd5a9a572afeac198b3736b0843364fa0c83d4abc594e9"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"c6796d97ffe56e8bdccd5a9a572afeac198b3736b0843364fa0c83d4abc594e9"}}},"alpha-generation":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"alpha-generation","name":"Alpha Generation (ArcLight)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.6637,"central":0.6637,"high":0.6637,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Owner name 'ArcLight Capital Partners LLC' shows 4.6 TWh in EIA-923/860; Alpha Generation's remaining plants carry project-company names. About 30 TWh assumed from roughly 7-8 GW of gas plants at 45%. Share = 30 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside the US assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"6c2c2c7626e92cc9ec1e3978026f869ae4797be339dfe1fbc1544ece51b1b984"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"6c2c2c7626e92cc9ec1e3978026f869ae4797be339dfe1fbc1544ece51b1b984"}}},"salt-river-project":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"salt-river-project","name":"Salt River Project","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.635,"central":0.635,"high":0.635,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Salt River Project 28.7. Share = 28.7 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment, not a statement by the company: the EIA-860 Utility sheet lists the company's reporting entities as US utilities in US states, which covers US plants only. No plant outside the US appears in any page opened for this company; the company is a US-only utility by its service area"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"127a763bbaed1b9a652989e5bfa2134732ef42d1d9e7b8e596160a319bd752cf"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"127a763bbaed1b9a652989e5bfa2134732ef42d1d9e7b8e596160a319bd752cf"}}},"alliant-energy":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"alliant-energy","name":"Alliant Energy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.604,"central":0.604,"high":0.604,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Wisconsin Power & Light Co 14.6; Interstate Power and Light Co 12.7. Share = 27.3 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.alliantenergy.com/aboutus","title":"About Alliant Energy","publisher":"Alliant Energy","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"State selector offers Wisconsin and Iowa; 'Communities We Serve'"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.alliantenergy.com/aboutus","title":"About Alliant Energy","publisher":"Alliant Energy","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"State selector offers Wisconsin and Iowa; 'Communities We Serve'"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.alliantenergy.com/aboutus","title":"About Alliant Energy","publisher":"Alliant Energy","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"State selector offers Wisconsin and Iowa; 'Communities We Serve'"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"af3bc1b9f8ec6d733a60205ddca2052be47be4cce01b6c35b0b205e423c7dcfd"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"af3bc1b9f8ec6d733a60205ddca2052be47be4cce01b6c35b0b205e423c7dcfd"}}},"nypa":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"nypa","name":"New York Power Authority","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.5398,"central":0.5398,"high":0.5398,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: New York Power Authority 24.4. Share = 24.4 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.nypa.gov/about","title":"About NYPA","publisher":"New York Power Authority","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"'...to provide affordable and reliable energy to our customers in New York State'"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.nypa.gov/about","title":"About NYPA","publisher":"New York Power Authority","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"'...to provide affordable and reliable energy to our customers in New York State'"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.nypa.gov/about","title":"About NYPA","publisher":"New York Power Authority","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"'...to provide affordable and reliable energy to our customers in New York State'"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"200697232f7ab183af8c8c1c4fb74e590bb02b8ebdfe4c53ad3063b7da861ee8"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"200697232f7ab183af8c8c1c4fb74e590bb02b8ebdfe4c53ad3063b7da861ee8"}}},"guangdong-energy":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"guangdong-energy","name":"Guangdong Energy Group","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Guangdong Energy Group"}},"china":{"low":0.9454,"central":0.9454,"high":0.9454,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"About 100 TWh assumed (about 1% of China; Guangdong coal, gas and wind, a large regional generator). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 100 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside China assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"48b247ec1734cee05fbc17e3892d2c8acc826965bd914cbe8f2132b460de9409"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"48b247ec1734cee05fbc17e3892d2c8acc826965bd914cbe8f2132b460de9409"}}},"totalenergies":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"totalenergies","name":"TotalEnergies (power)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.2655,"central":0.2655,"high":0.2655,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"No TotalEnergies electricity-generation figure was found on the investor pages opened. US solar, wind and gas assumed at about 12 TWh. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 12 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No material Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":0.6609,"central":0.6609,"high":0.6609,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"France, Spain, Germany, Belgium and Italy gas and renewables assumed at about 22 TWh. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 22 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.1052,"central":0.1052,"high":0.1052,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"India (Adani JV), Brazil, Middle East solar and gas assumed at about 14 TWh. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 14 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"e729a297b79cc3d96c3ec189a56d691653dc4ecd323c9547632ab9eb76221c03"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"e729a297b79cc3d96c3ec189a56d691653dc4ecd323c9547632ab9eb76221c03"}}},"clearway":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"clearway","name":"Clearway Energy","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.4867,"central":0.4867,"high":0.4867,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Named Clearway entities show only 1.7 TWh in EIA-923/860 because most of its wind, solar and gas plants have project-company names. About 22 TWh assumed from a net fleet of about 10 GW of wind, solar and gas at a blended 25% load factor (assumption). Share = 22 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside the US assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"2bec7aaa6354804b98115734185e0b16365a6520419d5ca020c412b984a1d915"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"2bec7aaa6354804b98115734185e0b16365a6520419d5ca020c412b984a1d915"}}},"cogentrix":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cogentrix","name":"Cogentrix Energy","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.4867,"central":0.4867,"high":0.4867,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Item 1/Note: 'acquire Cogentrix Energy, consisting of 10 natural gas generation facilities totaling approximately 5,500 MW' (three CCGT and two CT in PJM, four CCGT in ISO-NE, one cogeneration in ERCOT)"},"note":"5.5 GW x about 45% load factor x 8.76 = 22 TWh. Assumed factor (mixed CCGT, peakers and one cogeneration plant). The acquisition had not closed at 22 Oct 2026, so Cogentrix stays separate. Share = 22 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Note on the Cogentrix Transaction: the ten facilities are in PJM, ISO-NE and ERCOT"}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Note on the Cogentrix Transaction: the ten facilities are in PJM, ISO-NE and ERCOT"}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","title":"Vistra Corp., Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025","publisher":"Vistra Corp. (SEC filing)","publishedDate":"2026-02-27","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Note on the Cogentrix Transaction: the ten facilities are in PJM, ISO-NE and ERCOT"}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"1d7914a7a92c4295d24a87fa51e1f46ec9f75d15675c0785edde882ce09aafe4"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"1d7914a7a92c4295d24a87fa51e1f46ec9f75d15675c0785edde882ce09aafe4"}}},"tenaska":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"tenaska","name":"Tenaska","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"low":0.4049,"central":0.4049,"high":0.4049,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","title":"Form EIA-923 detailed data, 2025 final release, with Form EIA-860 (2025) generator ownership","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09-14","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx, 'Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data' (net generation by plant and prime mover) with 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx and 4___Owner_Y2025.xlsx (owner and percent owned)"},"note":"Sum of 2025 net generation of the plants owned by the company's utility entities in EIA-923, with jointly owned units split by the EIA-860 percent owned and plant output allocated to units by nameplate capacity (5LayerCake sum of regulatory data; unit-level split is an approximation). Entities: Tenaska Oklahoma I LP 5.2; Tenaska Virginia I LP 5.1; Tenaska Rusk Partners, LP 2.8. Tenaska-named entities only; some Tenaska plants may carry other names. Share = 18.3 TWh ÷ US generation 4,520 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside the US assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"united-states":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"09f7ca36b863a11d326bffdd05ca9381ddbbe380d571477838b4d984c0d3a594"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"09f7ca36b863a11d326bffdd05ca9381ddbbe380d571477838b4d984c0d3a594"}}},"inner-mongolia-energy-group":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"inner-mongolia-energy-group","name":"Inner Mongolia Energy Group","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Inner Mongolia Energy Group"}},"china":{"low":0.6618,"central":0.6618,"high":0.6618,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"About 70 TWh assumed (coal, wind and solar in Inner Mongolia). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 70 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside China assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"a3511755f182a16415bb49be5a11d84a52ff479b1e6f4d4d2d786971ddf88fa3"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"a3511755f182a16415bb49be5a11d84a52ff479b1e6f4d4d2d786971ddf88fa3"}}},"evn":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"evn","name":"Vietnam Electricity (EVN)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Vietnam Electricity (EVN)"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Vietnamese generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Vietnamese generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.9017,"central":0.9017,"high":0.9017,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"No report was opened. About 120 TWh assumed (EVN's generation companies, about 39% of Vietnam's 310 TWh). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 120 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"56b55a8d126eb38c5e1c980c6b64a5de0a26e0f25c82370d4acb22f042c58da3"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"56b55a8d126eb38c5e1c980c6b64a5de0a26e0f25c82370d4acb22f042c58da3"}}},"axpo":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"axpo","name":"Axpo","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets contain no Axpo entity"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":0.9012,"central":0.9012,"high":0.9012,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"Axpo's site refused automated access (HTTP 406). Swiss hydro and nuclear shares (Beznau, Leibstadt, Gösgen) plus European renewables assumed at about 30 TWh. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 30 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside Europe assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"europe":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"eb9494d89beeb16705e47507552ed1bda8612e181549077e7c012fe09b3c7ff4"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"eb9494d89beeb16705e47507552ed1bda8612e181549077e7c012fe09b3c7ff4"}}},"verbund":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"verbund","name":"Verbund","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No US generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":0.8885,"central":0.8885,"high":0.8885,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.verbund.com/en/group/integrated-annual-report-2025/generation-figures","title":"VERBUND Integrated Annual Report 2025: generation figures","publisher":"VERBUND AG","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"Generation 2025: hydropower 25,370 GWh, wind 1,714, solar 439, thermal 2,054 (total 29,577 GWh)"},"note":"Generation 29,577 GWh in 2025 (hydropower 25,370, wind 1,714, solar 439, thermal 2,054), all counted in Europe. Consolidated basis. Share = 29.577 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside the home region is described in the pages read assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"europe":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"4a3fdfb5b73ba4ab590e32589e02802e102538b4d83c3d2d15a9bf48383fa19a"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"4a3fdfb5b73ba4ab590e32589e02802e102538b4d83c3d2d15a9bf48383fa19a"}}},"tenaga-nasional":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"tenaga-nasional","name":"Tenaga Nasional","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Tenaga Nasional"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Malaysian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":0.0054,"central":0.0099,"high":0.03,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.tnb.com.my/assets/press_releases/PRESS_RELEASE_-_TNB_ACQUIRES_MAJOR_SOLAR_POWER_PORTFOLIO_IN_BRITAIN_12052017.pdf","title":"TNB acquires major solar power portfolio in Britain (press statement)","publisher":"Tenaga Nasional Berhad","publishedDate":"2017-05-12","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"Page 1: TNB, through TNB International, completed the acquisition of a 50% interest in the Vortex Solar UK portfolio, 24 solar photovoltaic farms with a combined net installed capacity of 365 MW; page 2: TNB's international renewable portfolio also includes power companies in India and Turkey acquired in 2016. Output is derived (note)"},"note":"Judgment (T5) on output; the capacity is from the company. TNB's 12 May 2017 press statement says it bought 50% of Vortex Solar (24 solar farms, 365 MW) in Britain with Beaufort Investments; the New Straits Times (17 September 2020, https://www.nst.com.my/amp/business/home/2020/09/625335/tnb-now-controls-one-uks-largest-solar-platforms) reports TNB raising its stake to 55%, a majority, for the same 24 farms and 365 MW. Output = 365 MW × 0.1018 × 8.76 = 0.33 TWh, where 0.1018 is the UK solar capacity factor for 2025 (Ember, United Kingdom solar 19.32 TWh ÷ (21.66 GW × 8.76)). Central = 100% of the portfolio (consolidated, hence offBasis); low = 55% of it = 0.18 TWh (ownership-adjusted); high = 1.0 TWh, which allows for other UK and Irish generation assets: the check pass of this file reports that TNB's 2026 annual-meeting presentation (Appendix C, not opened in this fix) refers to power generation assets in Ireland and the UK, but no opened page gives their size. This replaces the earlier statement that no European generation is assumed. Share = 0.33 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,328.75 TWh = 0.0099%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.6387,"central":0.7514,"high":0.8641,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.tnb.com.my/assets/quarterly_results/Analyst_Briefing_-_4QFY2025.pdf","title":"Analyst Briefing 4QFY2025","publisher":"Tenaga Nasional Berhad","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T5","locator":"PDF p. 34, 'Fuel Costs & Units Generated (TNB & IPPs – Peninsular) in FY2025': the pie charts of units generated by TNB and IPP plants in Peninsular Malaysia show TNB shares of coal 34.2% (38.0% in the other year), gas 18.0% (14.4%), solar 0.2% (0.2%), hydro 4.7% (4.9%), i.e. 57.1% (57.5%) of units generated; the labels do not say which chart is FY2024 and which FY2025. The page shows no publication date"},"note":"Judgment (T5). TNB's 4Q FY2025 analyst briefing shows TNB's own plants (coal, gas, solar, hydro) generated about 57% of the units generated in Peninsular Malaysia in each of FY2024 and FY2025 (57.1% and 57.5%; IPPs generated the rest); TNB's December 2025 investor deck (https://www.tnb.com.my/assets/conference_materials/TNB_Investor_Deck_December_2025.pdf) gives TNB 55% (15,312 MW of 28,040 MW) of Peninsular installed capacity. Ember's Malaysia total for 2025 is 201.09 TWh for the whole country. If the Peninsula is assumed to be roughly 85-90% of it, 57% of that is 97-103 TWh, so TNB's own generation is taken as 100 TWh (about 50% of the national total) with a range of 85-115 TWh (57% of 201 TWh = 115 TWh is the ceiling if all Malaysian output were Peninsular; 85 TWh allows a Peninsular share of about 75%). The Peninsular share of the national total is an assumption, not stated in an opened page, which is why this stays a judgment; any TNB generation in Sabah or Sarawak is ignored. TNB's Turkish and Indian holdings (power companies bought in 2016 per its press statement) are not added; no output was opened. Share = 100 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"europe":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"199ddbf7ab6fec8c37e4b0e2073a3736fff2b16cf46d2720d58d6f3f53dd8127"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"199ddbf7ab6fec8c37e4b0e2073a3736fff2b16cf46d2720d58d6f3f53dd8127"}}},"state-grid":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"state-grid","name":"State Grid Corporation of China (pumped storage)","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of State Grid Corporation of China"}},"china":{"low":0.3782,"central":0.3782,"high":0.3782,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"Pumped-storage generation of State Grid Xinyuan assumed at about 40 TWh (about 28 GW of operating pumped storage at 1,400 hours); no figure was found. The network business counts in Utilities. No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 40 TWh ÷ China generation 10,578 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: State Grid's European assets are networks (Portugal REN, Italy CDP Reti) counted in Utilities assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.0612,"central":0.0964,"high":0.0964,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.grupocpfl.com.br/sites/default/files/2026-07/CPFL2025_Resumido_acess%C3%ADvel_PT.pdf","title":"CPFL Energia Annual Report 2025, summary version (Relatório Anual 2025, versão resumida)","publisher":"CPFL Energia","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T2","locator":"PDF p. 3, 'Destaques de 2025': '12.832 GWh de energia gerada em 2025 (produção líquida distribuída)' and '100% da matriz de geração renovável'; the page shows no publication date"},"note":"The company says (CPFL Energia, 2025 summary annual report) that it generated 12,832 GWh in 2025 (net production distributed), all from renewable sources (hydro, wind, biomass and others). CPFL Energia is controlled by State Grid Corporation of China: a Santander credit report of 22 April 2025 (https://cms.santander.com.br/sites/WPS/documentos/arq-cpfl/25-04-24_194937_20250422cpfl.pdf) says it is controlled by State Grid and shows the shareholders as State Grid Brazil 63.4%, ESC Energia 20.3% and others 16.3%; it gives CPFL's installed generation capacity as 4.2 GW. The summary report does not say whether the 12,832 GWh is at 100% of the controlled plants or at CPFL's ownership share in each plant. Consolidated figure of a controlled company, hence offBasis, like the other Chinese groups; central = 12.832 TWh; low = 8.14 TWh, which applies State Grid Brazil's direct 63.4% (ESC Energia's relationship to State Grid is not stated in the opened pages). This replaces the earlier statement that State Grid's overseas assets are networks only; the networks (CPFL distribution and transmission, Brazil) still count in Utilities. Share = 12.832 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada, Brazil) = 0.0964%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world.","offBasis":true}},"screening":{"china":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4},"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":1,"levelHigh":3}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"51080666eb9b8792ac933774409a2ad1d887f05e27c2d38665bdbbb1892971f5"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"51080666eb9b8792ac933774409a2ad1d887f05e27c2d38665bdbbb1892971f5"}}},"ppc":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"ppc","name":"Public Power Corporation (PPC)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets contain no Public Power Corporation entity"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"low":0.721,"central":0.721,"high":0.721,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"PPC redirected the request and no report was opened. About 24 TWh assumed for Greek lignite, gas, hydro and renewables plus Romania (about 41% of Greece's 58 TWh). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 24 TWh ÷ Europe (EU27, UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland) generation 3,329 TWh. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."},"rest-of-world":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No generation outside Europe assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}}},"screening":{"europe":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"eadb050fa45c9d658e94c8dc18056e963e03b462f0ddeaafd47518f28c14fc83"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"eadb050fa45c9d658e94c8dc18056e963e03b462f0ddeaafd47518f28c14fc83"}}},"opg":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"opg","name":"Ontario Power Generation","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.oeb.ca/sites/default/files/Financial%20Statements%20-%202025-Q4-OPG-PR-MDA-FS-FINAL.pdf","title":"OPG Reports 2025 Financial Results (press release, management's discussion and analysis and financial statements)","publisher":"Ontario Power Generation Inc., filed with the Ontario Energy Board","publishedDate":"2026-03-12","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T1","locator":"PDF p. 13, Corporate Structure: the company says it agreed in October 2025 to sell Eagle Creek, its US subsidiary that wholly or jointly owned and operated, and held minority interests in, 701 MW of hydroelectric and solar plants, and that the sale closed on 9 January 2026, after which OPG has no electricity generation operations or facilities in the United States (PDF p. 51 repeats this). Pro forma treatment, as for the other post-2025 deals in this sublayer: Eagle Creek's 2025 output is not credited to OPG. For scale, EIA-923 (2025) shows 'Eagle Creek Renewable Energy, LLC' with 66 hydro plants generating 1.947 TWh, 0.043% of US generation"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Canadian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Canadian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.6162,"central":0.6488,"high":0.6815,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://www.oeb.ca/sites/default/files/Financial%20Statements%20-%202025-Q4-OPG-PR-MDA-FS-FINAL.pdf","title":"OPG Reports 2025 Financial Results (press release, management's discussion and analysis and financial statements)","publisher":"Ontario Power Generation Inc., filed with the Ontario Energy Board","publishedDate":"2026-03-12","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T2","locator":"PDF p. 4 and p. 21: electricity generated in 2025 was 88.3 TWh against 82.1 TWh in 2024; PDF p. 21 table: Regulated Nuclear 38.0, Regulated Hydroelectric 30.9, Contracted Hydroelectric and Other 5.6 (includes OPG's proportionate share of co-owned and minority facilities), Atura Power 13.8; PDF p. 13: the leased Bruce Power stations are excluded"},"note":"The company's 2025 results report total OPG electricity generation of 88.3 TWh (nuclear 38.0, regulated hydro 30.9, contracted hydro and other 5.6, Atura Power gas 13.8), on an ownership-share basis for co-owned plants; the Bruce Power stations that OPG leases out are excluded. The 'contracted hydro and other' segment still included the US plants of Eagle Creek in 2025 (sold on 9 January 2026), so their output is removed to leave the Ontario fleet: EIA-923/860 (2025) gives 'Eagle Creek Renewable Energy, LLC', wholly owned, 66 hydro plants, 1.9466 TWh. 88.3 − 1.95 = 86.35 TWh, all in Canada (Ontario), which Ember counts in rest of world. The range of ±5% covers the 0.05 TWh rounding in the reported figures and the part of OPG's proportionate share of Eagle Creek's minority holdings that is not in the EIA sum (about 12 MW in 14 other hydro facilities, per https://www.wp.eaglecreekre.com/who-we-are/). The state-owned company owns its Ontario stations, so the figures are on the ownership-adjusted basis. This replaces the earlier T5 assumption of 80 TWh (12% of Canada's generation), made when OPG's site refused access (HTTP 403); this report comes from the Ontario Energy Board's copy. Share = 86.35 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada) = 0.6488%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"3e7d5d91b3dab8b1597d8a2a1edc0cf873ba8754e17897132e280d3ce9980c70"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"3e7d5d91b3dab8b1597d8a2a1edc0cf873ba8754e17897132e280d3ce9980c70"}}},"itaipu":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"itaipu","name":"Itaipu Binacional","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of Itaipu Binacional"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Brazilian-Paraguayan generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Brazilian-Paraguayan generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.6297,"central":0.6297,"high":0.6297,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2023","periodEnd":"2023-12-31","source":{"url":"https://itaipu.energy/","title":"Itaipu Binacional home page","publisher":"Itaipu Binacional","publishedDate":"undated","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T2","locator":"Plant facts: 20 generating units, 14,000 MW installed; annual output 83,800 GWh (2023); best year 103,100 GWh (2016); each country owns half of the energy"},"note":"Annual output 83,800 GWh in 2023 (company home page; best year 103,100 GWh in 2016). Output is shared equally by Brazil and Paraguay, but the plant owner is Itaipu Binacional itself, so the full output is credited to it. A 2023 figure, so widened for staleness; Eletrobras excludes Itaipu. Share = 83.8 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":5}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"3a06cab14b4871c69684ed6385884d4eab48fd9d1ef47984ae4e702ee65130f8"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"3a06cab14b4871c69684ed6385884d4eab48fd9d1ef47984ae4e702ee65130f8"}}},"en-plus":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"en-plus","name":"En+ Group (EuroSibEnergo)","kind":"public","commercialActivityVerified":true,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of En+ Group (EuroSibEnergo)"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Russian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Russian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.6162,"central":0.6162,"high":0.6162,"unit":"percent","basis":"Consolidated (100% of controlled plants) net electricity generation in the region (TWh)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://enplusgroup.com/upload/iblock/9d0/j6exmijvf4ajbgyb99v8w5sh7ewgo62f/FY2025-Results-Press_release-ENG.pdf","title":"EN+ FY 2025 financial and operational results","publisher":"En+ Group IPJSC","publishedDate":"2026-03-20","accessedDate":"2026-10-23","tier":"T2","locator":"p. 1 and 'Power segment': 'The Group's total electricity generation decreased by 9.6% to 82.0 TWh'; hydro 65.3 TWh (Angara cascade 44.5, Krasnoyarsk HPP 20.8), combined heat and power plants 16.7 TWh"},"note":"The company says its power plants generated 82.0 TWh in 2025 (down 9.6%; hydro 65.3 TWh on the Angara and Yenisei, CHP plants 16.7 TWh; the release excludes the 0.08 GW Onda HPP). Consolidated figure for the group's controlled plants (100%), hence offBasis; the release does not state ownership percentages. This replaces the earlier T5 judgment of 80 TWh taken from a 2023 national total (a coincidentally close value); Ember does have a Russian value for 2025 (1,192.79 TWh). Share = 82.0 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308.2 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada) = 0.6162%. Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world. Russia is counted in rest of world (the register left the region open).","offBasis":true}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":2,"levelHigh":4}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"8fed8debdfd1632351db6c0e974bc5de4459b0168d8353445e228ea466d2bc1f"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"8fed8debdfd1632351db6c0e974bc5de4459b0168d8353445e228ea466d2bc1f"}}},"bc-hydro":{"schema":"5lc-index-inputs/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"bc-hydro","name":"BC Hydro","kind":"private","commercialActivityVerified":false,"shares":{"united-states":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","title":"Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (2025)","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","publishedDate":"2026-09","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T1","locator":"EIA-860 2025 Utility and Owner sheets: a name search finds no owner or utility entity of BC Hydro"}},"china":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No Chinese generation (the company is a Canadian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"europe":{"participates":false,"evidence":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"Judgment (T5), not a statement by the company: No European generation (the company is a Canadian generator) assumed from the company's known footprint. No page opened for this company shows generation in this region."}},"rest-of-world":{"low":0.3757,"central":0.3757,"high":0.3757,"unit":"percent","basis":"Share of 2025 net electricity generation in the region (TWh, ownership-adjusted)","period":"CY2025","periodEnd":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/","title":"Yearly electricity data (full release, long format)","publisher":"Ember","publishedDate":"2026-06-23","accessedDate":"2026-10-22","tier":"T5","locator":"yearly_full_release_long_format.csv (file last-modified 2026-06-23), Category 'Electricity generation', Variable 'Total Generation', Unit TWh, Year 2025"},"note":"No report was opened. About 50 TWh assumed (British Columbia hydro; about 8% of Canada's 652 TWh). No company or regulator figure for the year could be opened, so this is a 5LayerCake judgment (T5): the percentage of the national total is estimated from the company's known fleet, not taken from a company or regulator figure. Share = 50 TWh ÷ rest-of-world generation 13,308 TWh (world 31,734 less US, China and Europe; includes Russia, Turkey, Canada). Region totals from Ember yearly electricity data 2025 (national statistics compiled by Ember; Iceland 2024); Russia and Turkey count in rest of world."}},"screening":{"rest-of-world":{"levelLow":3,"levelHigh":5}},"checks":{"sourceSupport":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"bd169336a9b35c19922b009dbdc7e5bb771fc3091218cd85193ba1a90bf59da9"},"consistency":{"by":"Claude check pass, Sonnet 5.5","date":"2026-10-23","passed":true,"sha256":"bd169336a9b35c19922b009dbdc7e5bb771fc3091218cd85193ba1a90bf59da9"}}}},"ratings":{"edf":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"edf","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/fiche-pedagogique/parc-nucleaire-francais","date":"2026-06-24","support":"Page updated 24 June 2026: EDF 'exploite l'intégralité des réacteurs nucléaires français'; 373 TWh, 68.1% of French output in 2025."},{"url":"https://analysesetdonnees.rte-france.com/en/annual-review-2025/trade","date":"undated","support":"RTE: France is Europe's leading net exporter (92.3 TWh in 2025); neighbours rely on French output rather than having spare to replace it."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.edf.fr/en/the-edf-group/dedicated-sections/journalists/all-press-releases/edf-shares-its-forecasted-cost-estimate-of-the-epr2-programme-for-eu728bn","date":"2025-12-18","support":"EDF: 'The target date for commissioning the first reactor at Penly is 2038'."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Finnish-EPR-enters-regular-electricity-production","date":"2023-04-17","support":"A comparable EPR in Finland took from 2005 to 2023 to reach regular production."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/electricity/frances-2022-electricity-generation-at-lowest-in-30-years-report/37529","date":"2023-02-17","support":"Citing RTE: with nuclear down to 279 TWh, France became a net electricity importer in 2022 for the first time since 1980."},{"url":"https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/fiche-pedagogique/parc-nucleaire-francais","date":"2026-06-24","support":"Page updated 24 June 2026: EDF 'exploite l'intégralité des réacteurs nucléaires français'; 373 TWh, 68.1% of French output in 2025."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"edf","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/france","date":"2026-04-01","support":"All French nuclear plants are operated by EDF; nuclear is 380 TWh (67%) of 570 TWh in 2024, and France was Europe's biggest exporter (89.9 TWh net), so (rater's inference) neighbours rely on it, not the reverse. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/france","date":"2026-04-01","support":"The first new EPR2 reactor is planned for 2038, so replacing EDF's nuclear fleet means well over four years of build. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/12/17/entso-e-releases-latest-european-resource-adequacy-assessment/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"ENTSO-E's 2025 adequacy assessment flags 6-8 GW at risk of decommissioning in 2028-2030 and asks for capacity mechanisms, so (rater's inference) Europe has no cushion for a 380 TWh loss."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/france","date":"2026-04-01","support":"France's exports of 89.9 TWh net imply (rater's inference) neighbours could not supply France's 380 TWh of nuclear; the best alternative would fall far short. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]}}}}},"constellation":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"constellation","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"http://www.constellationenergy.com/work/generation.html","date":"undated","support":"Company page (undated) says it runs the largest US nuclear fleet, which produced about 182 million MWh in 2025."},{"url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-requires-divestitures-proceed-constellations-proposed-266-billion","date":"2025-12-05","support":"DOJ said the merger made Constellation the biggest US wholesale generator and required PJM and ERCOT divestitures."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=61963","date":"2024-05-01","support":"EIA: the only recent US reactors (Vogtle 3-4) began construction in 2009 and finished in 2024; none others under construction."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/pjm-auction-procures-134479-mw-of-generation-resources/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM says 2027/28 procured capacity is 6,623 MW short of its reliability requirement (reserve margin 14.8% against 20%); only 774 MW of new generation and uprates cleared."},{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1868275/000110465926001780/tm2532248d1_ex99-1.htm","date":"2026-01-07","support":"Company says the Calpine deal creates 'the nation's largest producer of electricity', with 55 GW of capacity."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"constellation","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"http://www.constellationenergy.com/news/2026/01/constellation-completes-calpine-transaction-powering-americas-clean-energy-future.html","date":"2026-01-07","support":"The release calls Constellation the largest nuclear energy company in the US and the Calpine deal the nation's largest producer (55 GW); no other owner is shown with comparable uncommitted firm output."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/new-supply-agreement-expands-talen-amazon-partnership","date":"2025-06-12","support":"Talen's Susquehanna nuclear plant (a rival nuclear owner in PJM) has 1,920 MWe committed to Amazon through 2042, so that capacity is not available as a substitute."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/meta-announces-landmark-agreements-for-new-nuclear","date":"2026-01-09","support":"Vistra's Perry and Davis-Besse nuclear output (2,176 MW) is under 20-year contracts to Meta, so another large nuclear owner is also committed."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=61963","date":"2024-05-01","support":"Vogtle 3 and 4 started work in 2009 and entered service in 2023 and 2024 at over $30bn, so new nuclear to replace this fleet takes well over a decade."},{"url":"https://www.ans.org/news/2025-10-28/article-7501/nextera-and-google-ink-a-deal-to-restart-duane-arnold/","date":"2025-10-28","support":"Even restarting a closed reactor (Duane Arnold, closure decided October 2020) is slated for completion by Q1 2029, after slipping from late 2028."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"http://www.constellationenergy.com/news/2026/01/constellation-completes-calpine-transaction-powering-americas-clean-energy-future.html","date":"2026-01-07","support":"Constellation describes itself as the largest US nuclear company and, with Calpine, the largest US producer at 55 GW; the next fleets are smaller and already committed."},{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/?p=209684","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM's 2027/28 capacity auction ended 6,623 MW short of the reliability requirement, with about 5,100 MW of the 5,250 MW load increase from data centres, so a major data-centre region has no spare supply. Constellation's PJM and ERCOT output has no spare equivalent."}]}}}}},"nextera":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"nextera","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/753308/000075330826000015/nee-20251231.htm","date":"2026-02-13","support":"10-K: FPL has 'limited, but growing, competition' in Florida; NEER calls wholesale generation 'a regional business that is highly fragmented'."},{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/florida/","date":"2025-11-10","support":"EIA 2024: utilities produced 249.5 of Florida's 266.1 TWh, IPP/CHP only 16.6 TWh, so few non-utility suppliers exist for FPL's ~147 TWh."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."},{"url":"https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/publications/us-interconnection-queue-data-0","date":"2026-05","support":"Berkeley Lab Queued Up 2026 (page dated 05/2026, month only): median time from interconnection request to operation was over 5 years for projects built in 2025."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/florida/","date":"2025-11-10","support":"EIA 2024: Florida generated 266.1 TWh; FPL's ~147 TWh (EIA-923, per inputs) is over half of the state's output."},{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/nerc-warns-long-term-grid-reliability-risks-mounting/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"POWER on NERC's 2025 LTRA: MISO high risk from winter 2028; PJM, ERCOT, WECC-Basin and WECC-Northwest high from 2029; SERC-Central shown high."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"nextera","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/12/f28/united-states-electricity-industry-primer.pdf","date":"2015-07","support":"Report p.30: where utilities are vertically integrated, they 'may construct, own and operate power plants' and recover the cost in retail prices. Rater's inference: a franchise utility such as FPL (Florida) supplies its territory from its own plants, so few outside suppliers can step in; NEER's wind and solar output is easier to replace. Date is the month on the report cover (July 2015)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."},{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/backlog-power-plants-seeking-transmission-grid-connection-eased-somewhat-2025-lbnl","date":"2026-07-01","support":"APPA, summarising the Berkeley Lab interconnection study, reports that time to reach commercial operation exceeds five years (regions with data), which slows any replacement plant."},{"url":"https://www.ans.org/news/2025-10-28/article-7501/nextera-and-google-ink-a-deal-to-restart-duane-arnold/","date":"2025-10-28","support":"NextEra's own Duane Arnold restart runs from the October 2020 closure decision to Q1 2029, showing how slow firm replacement is."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/business/policy-and-regulation/nerc-warns-reliability-risk-is-rising-as-load-growth-outpaces-infrastructure/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NERC's long-term assessment forecasts summer peak demand up 224 GW in ten years (69%+ above last year's forecast), with data centres the main driver in many areas, and more areas at elevated or high risk. Rater's inference: no neighbouring system has spare firm capacity to absorb a 6% share."}]}}}}},"duke":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"duke","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/transmission/why-utilities-and-clean-energy-groups-are-battling-over-a-southeast-energy-market","date":"2021-07-07","support":"The Southeast has no RTO; transmission is 'largely controlled by the region's biggest vertically integrated utilities' (Duke, Southern, TVA). Older (2021) source."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/duke-energy-plan-includes-new-gas-fired-plants-nuclear-additions-delayed-coal-retirements/","date":"2025-10-02","support":"Duke's 2025 Carolinas plan adds about 9.7 GW of gas by 2033 and delays the retirement of three coal plants."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/duke-energy-plan-includes-new-gas-fired-plants-nuclear-additions-delayed-coal-retirements/","date":"2025-10-02","support":"Duke says demand is rising 'at an unprecedented pace' and is delaying three coal plant retirements by two to four years."},{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/nerc-warns-long-term-grid-reliability-risks-mounting/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"POWER on NERC's 2025 LTRA: MISO high risk from winter 2028; PJM, ERCOT, WECC-Basin and WECC-Northwest high from 2029; SERC-Central shown high."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"duke","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/12/f28/united-states-electricity-industry-primer.pdf","date":"2015-07","support":"Report p.30: where utilities are vertically integrated, they 'may construct, own and operate power plants' and recover the cost in retail prices. Rater's inference: Duke is the vertically integrated utility for the Carolinas and Florida, so replacement supply comes mainly from Duke itself. Date is the month on the report cover (July 2015)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Duke plans $10bn of equity to fund gas growth and is deploying over $1bn a month for record demand, while new gas orders wait three years or more."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."},{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/backlog-power-plants-seeking-transmission-grid-connection-eased-somewhat-2025-lbnl","date":"2026-07-01","support":"APPA, summarising the Berkeley Lab interconnection study, reports that time to reach commercial operation exceeds five years (regions with data), which slows any replacement plant."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/business/policy-and-regulation/nerc-warns-reliability-risk-is-rising-as-load-growth-outpaces-infrastructure/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NERC's long-term assessment forecasts summer peak demand up 224 GW in ten years (69%+ above last year's forecast), with data centres the main driver in many areas, and more areas at elevated or high risk. Rater's inference: a 4.8% share (about 215 TWh) cannot be covered by any neighbouring system."}]}}}}},"southern":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"southern","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/transmission/why-utilities-and-clean-energy-groups-are-battling-over-a-southeast-energy-market","date":"2021-07-07","support":"The Southeast has no RTO; transmission is 'largely controlled by the region's biggest vertically integrated utilities' (Duke, Southern, TVA). Older (2021) source."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.ajc.com/business/2025/12/georgia-power-gets-pscs-go-ahead-on-16b-data-center-power-plant-expansion/","date":"2025-12-19","support":"Georgia PSC approved 9,885 MW of new Georgia Power resources, which the utility plans to add over about five years."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.ajc.com/business/2025/12/georgia-power-gets-pscs-go-ahead-on-16b-data-center-power-plant-expansion/","date":"2025-12-19","support":"Georgia PSC approved 9,885 MW of new Georgia Power resources, which the utility plans to add over about five years."},{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/nerc-warns-long-term-grid-reliability-risks-mounting/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"POWER on NERC's 2025 LTRA: MISO high risk from winter 2028; PJM, ERCOT, WECC-Basin and WECC-Northwest high from 2029; SERC-Central shown high."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"southern","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/12/f28/united-states-electricity-industry-primer.pdf","date":"2015-07","support":"Report p.30: where utilities are vertically integrated, they 'may construct, own and operate power plants' and recover the cost in retail prices. Rater's inference: Southern is the vertically integrated utility for Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. Date is the month on the report cover (July 2015)."},{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/southern-co-load-data-center-earnings/812681/","date":"2026-02-20","support":"Southern has a 75 GW large-load pipeline with 10 GW fully contracted and is adding about 10 GW of approved generation, so its own territory is demand-short."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/southern-co-load-data-center-earnings/812681/","date":"2026-02-20","support":"Southern's gas uprates come 'as early as 2029' and new brownfield gas is still under evaluation, i.e. several years out."},{"url":"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=61963","date":"2024-05-01","support":"Southern's own Vogtle 3 and 4 took from 2009 to 2023-2024 to build at over $30bn."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/southern-co-load-data-center-earnings/812681/","date":"2026-02-20","support":"Southern has 10 GW of large load fully contracted and about 10 GW of approved new generation still to build, so (rater's inference) neighbours have little to spare."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/business/policy-and-regulation/nerc-warns-reliability-risk-is-rising-as-load-growth-outpaces-infrastructure/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NERC's long-term assessment forecasts summer peak demand up 224 GW in ten years (69%+ above last year's forecast), with data centres the main driver in many areas, and more areas at elevated or high risk."}]}}}}},"vistra":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"vistra","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","date":"2026-02","support":"10-K Item 1, Competition (filed February 2026; month used): company competes with other generators and retailers on supply and price in ERCOT and PJM."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-announces-texas-energy-fund-loan-to-1350-mw-west-texas-natural-gas-power-plant","date":"2025-10-30","support":"The Texas Energy Fund's largest loan, for a 1,350 MW gas plant announced in October 2025, expects first ERCOT generation in 2029."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","date":"2026-02","support":"10-K Item 1 (filed February 2026; month used): 43,641 MW net capacity, 19,858 MW in ERCOT and 22,254 MW in PJM, ISO-NE, MISO and NYISO."},{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/pjm-auction-procures-134479-mw-of-generation-resources/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM says 2027/28 procured capacity is 6,623 MW short of its reliability requirement (reserve margin 14.8% against 20%); only 774 MW of new generation and uprates cleared."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"vistra","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/?p=209684","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM's 2027/28 capacity auction ended 6,623 MW short of the reliability requirement, with about 5,100 MW of the 5,250 MW load increase from data centres, so a major data-centre region has no spare supply. Rater's inference: the auction drew 134,479 MW from many generation owners, so Vistra's gas and coal in PJM and ERCOT have several competing suppliers."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/meta-announces-landmark-agreements-for-new-nuclear","date":"2026-01-09","support":"Vistra's three PJM nuclear plants are tied to Meta contracts (2,609 MW by 2034), so the firm carbon-free part has few alternatives."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."},{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/backlog-power-plants-seeking-transmission-grid-connection-eased-somewhat-2025-lbnl","date":"2026-07-01","support":"APPA, summarising the Berkeley Lab interconnection study, reports that time to reach commercial operation exceeds five years (regions with data), which slows any replacement plant."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/?p=209684","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM's 2027/28 capacity auction ended 6,623 MW short of the reliability requirement, with about 5,100 MW of the 5,250 MW load increase from data centres, so a major data-centre region has no spare supply."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/business/policy-and-regulation/nerc-warns-reliability-risk-is-rising-as-load-growth-outpaces-infrastructure/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NERC's long-term assessment forecasts summer peak demand up 224 GW in ten years (69%+ above last year's forecast), with data centres the main driver in many areas, and more areas at elevated or high risk."}]}}}}},"tva":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"tva","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/transmission/why-utilities-and-clean-energy-groups-are-battling-over-a-southeast-energy-market","date":"2021-07-07","support":"The Southeast has no RTO; transmission is 'largely controlled by the region's biggest vertically integrated utilities' (Duke, Southern, TVA). Older (2021) source."},{"url":"https://publicpower.org/periodical/article/report-examines-tvas-response-winter-storm-elliott","date":"2023-05-23","support":"In December 2022 neighbouring utilities were also strained, 'limiting power availability' for TVA to import."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."},{"url":"https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/publications/us-interconnection-queue-data-0","date":"2026-05","support":"Berkeley Lab Queued Up 2026 (page dated 05/2026, month only): median time from interconnection request to operation was over 5 years for projects built in 2025."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://publicpower.org/periodical/article/report-examines-tvas-response-winter-storm-elliott","date":"2023-05-23","support":"December 2022 rolling outages were the first in TVA's 90-year history; the storm 'challenged neighboring utilities, limiting power availability'."},{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/nerc-warns-long-term-grid-reliability-risks-mounting/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"POWER on NERC's 2025 LTRA: MISO high risk from winter 2028; PJM, ERCOT, WECC-Basin and WECC-Northwest high from 2029; SERC-Central shown high."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"tva","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/12/f28/united-states-electricity-industry-primer.pdf","date":"2015-07","support":"Report p.30: where utilities are vertically integrated, they 'may construct, own and operate power plants' and recover the cost in retail prices. Rater's inference: TVA is the federal wholesale supplier for most of Tennessee and parts of six other states, so only a few neighbouring utilities could substitute. Date is the month on the report cover (July 2015)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/business/historic-gas-build-drives-tvas-strategy-as-utility-sets-new-load-records/","date":"2025-11-14","support":"TVA has over 3,700 MW of new gas generation under construction, over 6,200 MW more in evaluation, and calls it a 'historic gas build' running to the end of the decade."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/business/historic-gas-build-drives-tvas-strategy-as-utility-sets-new-load-records/","date":"2025-11-14","support":"TVA set winter and summer peak records in 2025 (35,430 MW and 32,318 MW) and is still building, so neighbouring systems have no surplus for its 3% share."}]}}}}},"china-energy-investment":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-energy-investment","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf","date":"2026","support":"A peer group of comparable scale exists: Huaneng alone generated 862.6 TWh in 2025 from 297.6 GW (p. 54)."},{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"Company says 2025 generation was 733.9 TWh from 281 GW, of which 112 GW new energy."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."},{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202606/d629abda003c458291b2906abff66f6f/files/9866531285d74f698b5371172e277cd4.pdf","date":"2026-06-08","support":"Company says 2025 generation was 1,254.1 TWh, about one-eighth of China's total, with about 230 GW of thermal capacity (pp. 12, 41)."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202606/d629abda003c458291b2906abff66f6f/files/9866531285d74f698b5371172e277cd4.pdf","date":"2026-06-08","support":"Company says 2025 generation was 1,254.1 TWh, about one-eighth of China's total, with about 230 GW of thermal capacity (pp. 12, 41)."},{"url":"https://en.sxcoal.com/news/detail/2001486599303716865","date":"2025-12-18","support":"NEA says China 'effectively guaranteed power supply' through the 2025 summer peak; hydro capacity above 440 GW."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-energy-investment","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh (7,339 亿kWh) and 281 GW of capacity, a group of the same scale as the other large state generators. Date is the page's release stamp."},{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","date":"2026-03-25","support":"China Energy News: SPIC's 2025 generation exceeded 740 TWh on 287 GW, a peer of similar scale to the other large state groups."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"Large units ran only 3,119 hours in 2025, so (rater's inference) the rest of the 1,539 GW thermal fleet can take up most of a 11.7% share (about 1,230 TWh), though not all."}]}}}}},"dominion":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"dominion","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cardinalnews.org/2025/01/21/virginia-now-imports-more-electricity-than-any-other-state/","date":"2025-01-21","support":"Citing EIA, Virginia already draws about 50 million MWh a year from other states through PJM, so market alternatives exist."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/pjm-auction-procures-134479-mw-of-generation-resources/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM's 2027/28 auction drew only 774 MW of new generation and uprates, against 5,250 MW of added peak load, 5,100 MW from data centres."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/pjm-auction-procures-134479-mw-of-generation-resources/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM says 2027/28 procured capacity is 6,623 MW short of its reliability requirement (reserve margin 14.8% against 20%); only 774 MW of new generation and uprates cleared."},{"url":"https://cardinalnews.org/2025/01/21/virginia-now-imports-more-electricity-than-any-other-state/","date":"2025-01-21","support":"Citing EIA, Virginia imports about 50 million MWh a year, more than any other state."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"dominion","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/12/f28/united-states-electricity-industry-primer.pdf","date":"2015-07","support":"Report p.30: where utilities are vertically integrated, they 'may construct, own and operate power plants' and recover the cost in retail prices. Dominion is a vertically integrated utility in Virginia and South Carolina (rater's inference), so replacement supply comes mainly from its own build. Date is the month on the report cover (July 2015)."},{"url":"https://finance.technews.tw/2026/08/03/dominion-energy-announces-second-quarter-2026-results/","date":"2026-08-03","support":"Dominion Energy Virginia had 53.8 GW of data-centre load under contract in July 2026, up 5.3 GW from December; rater's inference: its territory has no surplus supply to share."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."},{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/backlog-power-plants-seeking-transmission-grid-connection-eased-somewhat-2025-lbnl","date":"2026-07-01","support":"APPA, summarising the Berkeley Lab interconnection study, reports that time to reach commercial operation exceeds five years (regions with data), which slows any replacement plant."},{"url":"https://finance.technews.tw/2026/08/03/dominion-energy-announces-second-quarter-2026-results/","date":"2026-08-03","support":"With 53.8 GW of contracted data-centre load (July 2026), new supply in Dominion's territory is in heavy demand, which (rater's inference) stretches any replacement timetable."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/?p=209684","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM's 2027/28 capacity auction ended 6,623 MW short of the reliability requirement, with about 5,100 MW of the 5,250 MW load increase from data centres, so a major data-centre region has no spare supply. Virginia sits in PJM."},{"url":"https://finance.technews.tw/2026/08/03/dominion-energy-announces-second-quarter-2026-results/","date":"2026-08-03","support":"Contracted data-centre load of 53.8 GW is large relative to any neighbouring surplus, so the best alternative (rater's inference) falls materially short."}]}}}}},"berkshire-hathaway-energy":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"berkshire-hathaway-energy","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/transmission/why-utilities-and-clean-energy-groups-are-battling-over-a-southeast-energy-market","date":"2021-07-07","support":"Older (2021) source: the West outside California, like the Southeast, has no RTO; most PacifiCorp and NV Energy output is there."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."},{"url":"https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/publications/us-interconnection-queue-data-0","date":"2026-05","support":"Berkeley Lab Queued Up 2026 (page dated 05/2026, month only): median time from interconnection request to operation was over 5 years for projects built in 2025."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/nerc-warns-long-term-grid-reliability-risks-mounting/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"POWER on NERC's 2025 LTRA: MISO high risk from winter 2028; PJM, ERCOT, WECC-Basin and WECC-Northwest high from 2029; SERC-Central shown high."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"berkshire-hathaway-energy","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/12/f28/united-states-electricity-industry-primer.pdf","date":"2015-07","support":"Report p.30: where utilities are vertically integrated, they 'may construct, own and operate power plants' and recover the cost in retail prices. Rater's inference: PacifiCorp, MidAmerican and NV Energy are vertically integrated in western and Midwest states without a full RTO market. Date is the month on the report cover (July 2015)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.industrialinfo.com/news/article/berkshire-hathaway-energy-utilities-see-modest-gain-in-capex-spending--355213","date":"2026-03-23","support":"BHE's utilities have contracted over 9,000 MW of data-centre load and plan about $33.3bn of capex in 2026-2028, so replacement capacity is demand-contested."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.industrialinfo.com/news/article/berkshire-hathaway-energy-utilities-see-modest-gain-in-capex-spending--355213","date":"2026-03-23","support":"Data-centre peak could reach 4,000-5,000 MW by 2030 against about 1,800 MW in 2024, using up any spare supply."}]}}}}},"entergy":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"entergy","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/misos-planning-resource-auction-shows-sufficient-capacity-coming-year","date":"2026-04-29","support":"Entergy's utilities sit in MISO, whose 2026/27 auction cleared sufficient capacity from many market participants."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.wwno.org/coastal-desk/2025-08-20/entergys-plan-to-power-new-meta-data-center-gets-regulatory-approval","date":"2025-08-20","support":"Meta's Louisiana data centre needs 2.3 GW; Entergy Louisiana will build three new gas plants to serve it."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/nerc-warns-long-term-grid-reliability-risks-mounting/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"POWER on NERC's 2025 LTRA: MISO high risk from winter 2028; PJM, ERCOT, WECC-Basin and WECC-Northwest high from 2029; SERC-Central shown high."},{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/misos-planning-resource-auction-shows-sufficient-capacity-coming-year","date":"2026-04-29","support":"MISO's 2026/27 auction found sufficient capacity, but summer cleared at $424.30/MW-day in zones 1-7."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"entergy","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/12/f28/united-states-electricity-industry-primer.pdf","date":"2015-07","support":"Report p.30: where utilities are vertically integrated, they 'may construct, own and operate power plants' and recover the cost in retail prices. Rater's inference: Entergy is the vertically integrated utility in Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi and Texas. Date is the month on the report cover (July 2015)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Entergy's $1.8bn purchase of the Cottonwood gas plant in Texas is under pressure; new gas takes three years or more."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/business/policy-and-regulation/nerc-warns-reliability-risk-is-rising-as-load-growth-outpaces-infrastructure/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NERC's long-term assessment forecasts summer peak demand up 224 GW in ten years (69%+ above last year's forecast), with data centres the main driver in many areas, and more areas at elevated or high risk."}]}}}}},"kepco":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"kepco","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cdn.prod.nntech.io/company-events/reports/a903dbb8-420e-3b56-9239-f929a4c145a4/report.pdf","date":"2026-04-29","support":"20-F Item 4: KHNP (33.2%) and five generation subsidiaries (32.7%) supplied the 545 TWh KEPCO bought in 2025."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/construction-starts-for-shin-hanul-unit-4","date":"2026-05-29","support":"Shin Hanul 3-4 received permits in September 2024; operation targeted for 2032 and 2033."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://reglobal.org/korea-energy-policy-review-report/","date":"2025-11-28","support":"Summary of the IEA review: 'Korea's power system is isolated, lacking interconnections with neighbouring countries'."},{"url":"https://cdn.prod.nntech.io/company-events/reports/a903dbb8-420e-3b56-9239-f929a4c145a4/report.pdf","date":"2026-04-29","support":"20-F Item 4: KHNP (33.2%) and five generation subsidiaries (32.7%) supplied the 545 TWh KEPCO bought in 2025."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"kepco","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/south-korea","date":"2026-10-23","support":"KHNP, the largest of KEPCO's six generation companies, holds all Korean nuclear capacity (about 29% of 643 TWh in 2025); the page shows zero imports or exports. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/south-korea","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Shin Hanul 3 began construction in May 2025 for completion in 2032, so new nuclear takes about seven years. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/south-korea","date":"2026-10-23","support":"With zero imports and exports and nuclear at 29% of output, no alternative supplier can replace KEPCO's roughly 360 TWh share. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]}}}}},"china-huaneng":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-huaneng","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202606/d629abda003c458291b2906abff66f6f/files/9866531285d74f698b5371172e277cd4.pdf","date":"2026-06-08","support":"Peer CHN Energy says it generates about one-eighth of China's power (p. 12), one of several comparable state groups."},{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","date":"2026-03-25","support":"China Energy News: SPIC's 2025 generation was above 740 TWh from 287 GW installed."},{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"Company says 2025 generation was 733.9 TWh from 281 GW, of which 112 GW new energy."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."},{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf","date":"2026","support":"Company ESG report (year only): 2025 domestic generation 862.6 TWh from 297.6 GW of controlled domestic capacity (p. 54)."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf","date":"2026","support":"Company ESG report (year only): 2025 domestic generation 862.6 TWh from 297.6 GW of controlled domestic capacity (p. 54)."},{"url":"https://en.sxcoal.com/news/detail/2001486599303716865","date":"2025-12-18","support":"NEA says China 'effectively guaranteed power supply' through the 2025 summer peak; hydro capacity above 440 GW."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-huaneng","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh (7,339 亿kWh) and 281 GW of capacity, a group of the same scale as the other large state generators. Date is the page's release stamp."},{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","date":"2026-03-25","support":"China Energy News: SPIC's 2025 generation exceeded 740 TWh on 287 GW, a peer of similar scale to the other large state groups."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"Large-unit utilisation of 3,119 hours in 2025 suggests (rater's inference) the thermal fleet can absorb a share of about 8% (about 860 TWh) with a small shortfall."}]}}}}},"aep":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"aep","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/pjm-auction-procures-134479-mw-of-generation-resources/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"AEP's eastern utilities sit in PJM, a market in which 134,479 MW cleared the 2027/28 capacity auction from many owners."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."},{"url":"https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/publications/us-interconnection-queue-data-0","date":"2026-05","support":"Berkeley Lab Queued Up 2026 (page dated 05/2026, month only): median time from interconnection request to operation was over 5 years for projects built in 2025."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/pjm-auction-procures-134479-mw-of-generation-resources/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM says 2027/28 procured capacity is 6,623 MW short of its reliability requirement (reserve margin 14.8% against 20%); only 774 MW of new generation and uprates cleared."},{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/nerc-warns-long-term-grid-reliability-risks-mounting/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"POWER on NERC's 2025 LTRA: MISO high risk from winter 2028; PJM, ERCOT, WECC-Basin and WECC-Northwest high from 2029; SERC-Central shown high."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"aep","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/12/f28/united-states-electricity-industry-primer.pdf","date":"2015-07","support":"Report p.30: where utilities are vertically integrated, they 'may construct, own and operate power plants' and recover the cost in retail prices. Rater's inference: AEP's regulated utilities in Indiana, Michigan, Appalachia and Louisiana-Texas supply their territories from their own plants. Date is the month on the report cover (July 2015)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/aep-large-load-data-center-earnings/812181/","date":"2026-02-13","support":"AEP expects its utilities to acquire about 27 GW through 2035 (about 15 GW gas, 6 GW solar, 5 GW wind) against 56 GW of contracted large load."},{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"AEP has secured 13 GW of gas turbines; its CEO called turbines 'a scarce resource' (Q2 2026 roundup)."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/aep-large-load-data-center-earnings/812181/","date":"2026-02-13","support":"AEP's 56 GW contracted large load by 2030 (36 GW in Texas) dwarfs spare supply anywhere in its footprint."}]}}}}},"eehc":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"eehc","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/egypt/2017-report/economy/composition-makeover-sector-undergoing-reforms-to-regulations-and-the-energy-mix","date":"2017","support":"OBG Egypt 2017 (year only): grid power plants are state-owned; EEHC's generation companies held 90.5% of capacity."},{"url":"https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/2002-53136-egypt-tops-9-gw-of-renewables-lines-up-18-gw-more","date":"2026-02-20","support":"Private developers built more than 2.9 GW of solar and 1.6 GW of wind of Egypt's 9.1 GW of renewables."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/2002-53136-egypt-tops-9-gw-of-renewables-lines-up-18-gw-more","date":"2026-02-20","support":"Egypt's renewable capacity grew only from 8.6 GW to 9.1 GW in a year, slow against EEHC's ~165 TWh."},{"url":"https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/saudi-arabia-power","date":"2026-05-13","support":"ITA: the Saudi-Egypt interconnection (up to 3 GW) was contracted in 2021 and is still being built."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/egypt/2017-report/economy/composition-makeover-sector-undergoing-reforms-to-regulations-and-the-energy-mix","date":"2017","support":"OBG Egypt 2017 (year only): grid power plants are state-owned; EEHC's generation companies held 90.5% of capacity."},{"url":"https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/2002-53136-egypt-tops-9-gw-of-renewables-lines-up-18-gw-more","date":"2026-02-20","support":"Private developers built more than 2.9 GW of solar and 1.6 GW of wind of Egypt's 9.1 GW of renewables."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"eehc","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/egypt-electricity-and-renewable-energy","date":"2025-11-21","support":"Private developers have only 32 PPAs for 1,465 MW of renewables as of 2025, small against a 215 TWh system. Thin evidence on EEHC's share. Date is the page's 'last published' line."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/egypt","date":"2026-09-04","support":"El Dabaa's four units are expected by 2030, to supply about 10% of electricity, so new firm supply takes years. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/egypt","date":"2026-09-04","support":"Gas is 75.8% of Egypt's 215 TWh and domestic gas output is below consumption, so the best alternative would face the same fuel shortfall. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]}}}},"reconciled":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"eehc","rater":"reconciled","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.eehc.gov.eg/CMSEehc/Files/AnnualReport2024En.pdf","date":"undated","support":"EEHC 2023/24 annual report pp. 20-21: EEHC companies, plants and hydro made ~217 of 229,284 GWh; private sector 87 GWh. [no publication date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.eehc.gov.eg/CMSEehc/Files/AnnualReport2024En.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Same report pp. 36-37: Sidi Krir, Gulf of Suez and East Port Said BOOT agreements expired 2022-2023; EEHC companies took over. [no date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/2002-53136-egypt-tops-9-gw-of-renewables-lines-up-18-gw-more","date":"2026-02-20","support":"Private developers built more than 2.9 GW of solar and 1.6 GW of wind of Egypt's 9.1 GW renewables. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/egypt-electricity-and-renewable-energy","date":"2025-11-21","support":"32 PPAs with private developers for 1,465 MW of renewables (rater b's source). [date is the page's 'last published' line]"}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.eehc.gov.eg/CMSEehc/Files/AnnualReport2024En.pdf","date":"undated","support":"EEHC 2023/24 annual report pp. 10-11: peak load 36,800 MW; private thermal capacity 682.5 MW of 59,694 MW. [no date shown]"},{"url":"https://powerline.net.in/2018/08/06/siemens-completes-14-4-gw-megaproject-egypt/","date":"2018-08-06","support":"Siemens' Egypt megaproject delivered \"14.4 GW of power in only 27.5 months\", billed a record. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"GE Vernova: heavy-duty gas turbine lead times about three years; about 10 GW left across 2029-2030. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/2002-53136-egypt-tops-9-gw-of-renewables-lines-up-18-gw-more","date":"2026-02-20","support":"Egypt's renewable capacity grew only from 8.6 GW to 9.1 GW in a year. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/egypt","date":"2026-09-04","support":"El Dabaa's four units are expected by 2030 (rater b's source). [date is the page's 'Updated' line]"}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.eehc.gov.eg/CMSEehc/Files/AnnualReport2024En.pdf","date":"undated","support":"EEHC 2023/24 annual report pp. 20-21: EEHC's companies and plants made about 95% of national generation. [no date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.eehc.gov.eg/CMSEehc/Files/AnnualReport2024En.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Same report pp. 44-45: Saudi 3,000 MW link still under implementation; Sudan link work stopped 15/4/2023. [no date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/egypt-electricity-and-renewable-energy","date":"2025-11-21","support":"Egypt and Saudi Arabia missed the June 2025 timeline for Phase I (1,500 MW) of their link. [date is the page's 'last published' line]"}]}}}}},"xcel-energy":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"xcel-energy","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/misos-planning-resource-auction-shows-sufficient-capacity-coming-year","date":"2026-04-29","support":"Xcel's largest utility sits in MISO, whose 2026/27 auction cleared sufficient capacity from many owners."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."},{"url":"https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/publications/us-interconnection-queue-data-0","date":"2026-05","support":"Berkeley Lab Queued Up 2026 (page dated 05/2026, month only): median time from interconnection request to operation was over 5 years for projects built in 2025."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/nerc-warns-long-term-grid-reliability-risks-mounting/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"POWER on NERC's 2025 LTRA: MISO high risk from winter 2028; PJM, ERCOT, WECC-Basin and WECC-Northwest high from 2029; SERC-Central shown high."},{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/misos-planning-resource-auction-shows-sufficient-capacity-coming-year","date":"2026-04-29","support":"MISO's 2026/27 auction found sufficient capacity, but summer cleared at $424.30/MW-day in zones 1-7."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"xcel-energy","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/12/f28/united-states-electricity-industry-primer.pdf","date":"2015-07","support":"Report p.30: where utilities are vertically integrated, they 'may construct, own and operate power plants' and recover the cost in retail prices. Rater's inference: Xcel is the vertically integrated utility for Minnesota, Colorado and the Southwest Power Pool states. Date is the month on the report cover (July 2015)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Xcel has a $60bn 2026-2030 capital plan, including generation for data-centre load; new gas takes three years or more."},{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/business/policy-and-regulation/nerc-warns-reliability-risk-is-rising-as-load-growth-outpaces-infrastructure/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NERC's long-term assessment forecasts summer peak demand up 224 GW in ten years (69%+ above last year's forecast), with data centres the main driver in many areas, and more areas at elevated or high risk."}]}}}}},"huadian":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"huadian","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202606/d629abda003c458291b2906abff66f6f/files/9866531285d74f698b5371172e277cd4.pdf","date":"2026-06-08","support":"Peer CHN Energy generated 1,254.1 TWh in 2025 (p. 41); Huaneng, SPIC and Datang are similar peers."},{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf","date":"2026","support":"Company ESG report (year only): 2025 domestic generation 862.6 TWh from 297.6 GW of controlled domestic capacity (p. 54)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."},{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"Company says 2025 generation was 733.9 TWh from 281 GW, of which 112 GW new energy."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"Coal plant utilisation around 51% leaves wide spare energy in other groups' fleets to cover a loss of this size."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"huadian","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","date":"2026-03-25","support":"China Energy News: SPIC's 2025 generation exceeded 740 TWh on 287 GW, a peer of similar scale to the other large state groups."},{"url":"https://en.china-cdt.com/","date":"2026-10-14","support":"China Datang's site lists 200 GW of installed capacity, another large state group able to take over volume. Date is the footer stamp; the capacity figure itself is undated."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]}}}}},"spic":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"spic","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf","date":"2026","support":"Peer Huaneng generated 862.6 TWh in 2025 (p. 54); CHN Energy, Huadian and Datang are similar peers."},{"url":"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/major-chinese-operators-report-nuclear-output-for-2024","date":"2025-01-14","support":"CNNC and CGN, the main nuclear operators, are alternatives for SPIC's nuclear output as well."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."},{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","date":"2026-03-25","support":"China Energy News: SPIC's 2025 generation was above 740 TWh from 287 GW installed."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"Coal plant utilisation around 51% leaves wide spare energy in other groups' fleets to cover a loss of this size."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"spic","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh (7,339 亿kWh) and 281 GW of capacity, a group of the same scale as the other large state generators. Date is the page's release stamp."},{"url":"https://en.china-cdt.com/","date":"2026-10-14","support":"China Datang's site lists 200 GW of installed capacity, another large state group able to take over volume. Date is the footer stamp; the capacity figure itself is undated."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]}}}}},"eskom":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"eskom","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.eskom.co.za/about-eskom/company-information/","date":"undated","support":"Company page (undated): Eskom supplies 'over 86% of South Africa's needs'."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://bus-ex.com/article/eskom-kusile-power-station-project","date":"undated","support":"Kusile contracts were awarded in February 2008, with completion then expected around 2016-2018 (undated page)."},{"url":"https://www.globalprojectleader.co.uk/2025/03/eskom-adds-final-800mw-unit-to-kusile-power-station-advancing-generation-recovery-plan/","date":"2025-03-25","support":"Kusile's last 800 MW unit was synchronised in March 2025, commercial operation due in the second half of 2025."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.eskom.co.za/about-eskom/company-information/","date":"undated","support":"Company page (undated): Eskom supplies 'over 86% of South Africa's needs'."},{"url":"https://www.globalprojectleader.co.uk/2025/03/eskom-adds-final-800mw-unit-to-kusile-power-station-advancing-generation-recovery-plan/","date":"2025-03-25","support":"Kusile's last 800 MW unit was synchronised in March 2025, commercial operation due in the second half of 2025."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"eskom","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/south-africa","date":"2026-09-29","support":"Eskom supplies about 90% of South Africa's electricity; the page does not mention independent producers. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/south-africa","date":"2026-09-29","support":"IRP 2025 calls for 5,200 MWe of new nuclear by 2039, first 1,200 MWe by 2036, and the 2.5 GWe procurement was paused in August 2024. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/south-africa","date":"2026-09-29","support":"Frequent rolling blackouts led to a national state of disaster in February 2023, so no alternative exists at scale for Eskom's roughly 180 TWh. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]}}}}},"talen":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"talen","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/pjm-auction-procures-134479-mw-of-generation-resources/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM's 2027/28 auction cleared 134,479 MW from many generation owners across the footprint."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1622536/000162828025030559/a20250611pressreleasebusin.htm","date":"2025-06-11","support":"Company says Susquehanna will supply Amazon 1,920 MW through 2042, reaching full volume by 2032, delivered through the PJM grid."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/pjm-auction-procures-134479-mw-of-generation-resources/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM says 2027/28 procured capacity is 6,623 MW short of its reliability requirement (reserve margin 14.8% against 20%); only 774 MW of new generation and uprates cleared."},{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1622536/000162828025030559/a20250611pressreleasebusin.htm","date":"2025-06-11","support":"Company says Susquehanna will supply Amazon 1,920 MW through 2042, reaching full volume by 2032, delivered through the PJM grid."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"talen","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/new-supply-agreement-expands-talen-amazon-partnership","date":"2025-06-12","support":"Talen's 1,920 MWe Susquehanna nuclear contract with Amazon runs to 2042 in PJM, where FERC rejected a larger co-located deal; rater's inference: nuclear supply in the region is scarce."},{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/?p=209684","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM's 2027/28 capacity auction ended 6,623 MW short of the reliability requirement, with about 5,100 MW of the 5,250 MW load increase from data centres, so a major data-centre region has no spare supply."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."},{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/backlog-power-plants-seeking-transmission-grid-connection-eased-somewhat-2025-lbnl","date":"2026-07-01","support":"APPA, summarising the Berkeley Lab interconnection study, reports that time to reach commercial operation exceeds five years (regions with data), which slows any replacement plant."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/?p=209684","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM's 2027/28 capacity auction ended 6,623 MW short of the reliability requirement, with about 5,100 MW of the 5,250 MW load increase from data centres, so a major data-centre region has no spare supply. Talen's PJM output has no spare equivalent."}]}}}}},"nrg":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"nrg","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692819/000169281926000006/vistra-20251231.htm","date":"2026-02","support":"10-K (filed February 2026; month used): a rival alone holds 19,858 MW in ERCOT and 22,254 MW in eastern markets, showing many competing owners."},{"url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-requires-divestitures-proceed-constellations-proposed-266-billion","date":"2025-12-05","support":"DOJ required six PJM and ERCOT plants to be sold to other owners, showing a market with several buyers and sellers."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-announces-texas-energy-fund-loan-to-1350-mw-west-texas-natural-gas-power-plant","date":"2025-10-30","support":"The Texas Energy Fund's largest loan, for a 1,350 MW gas plant announced in October 2025, expects first ERCOT generation in 2029."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/nerc-warns-long-term-grid-reliability-risks-mounting/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"POWER on NERC's 2025 LTRA: MISO high risk from winter 2028; PJM, ERCOT, WECC-Basin and WECC-Northwest high from 2029; SERC-Central shown high."},{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/pjm-auction-procures-134479-mw-of-generation-resources/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM says 2027/28 procured capacity is 6,623 MW short of its reliability requirement (reserve margin 14.8% against 20%); only 774 MW of new generation and uprates cleared."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"nrg","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/?p=209684","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM's 2027/28 capacity auction ended 6,623 MW short of the reliability requirement, with about 5,100 MW of the 5,250 MW load increase from data centres, so a major data-centre region has no spare supply. Rater's inference: NRG's gas plants in ERCOT, PJM and the Northeast compete with many other gas owners."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/nrg-aims-for-2026-next-step-in-54-gw-gas-deal-with-ge-vernova-kiewit/805692/","date":"2025-11-17","support":"NRG's own plan with GE Vernova and Kiewit puts the first 1.2 GW of new combined-cycle in service by 2029, another 1.2 GW in 2030 and 3 GW in 2030-2032, i.e. three years or more from the November 2025 report."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://insidelines.pjm.com/?p=209684","date":"2025-12-17","support":"PJM's 2027/28 capacity auction ended 6,623 MW short of the reliability requirement, with about 5,100 MW of the 5,250 MW load increase from data centres, so a major data-centre region has no spare supply."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/business/policy-and-regulation/nerc-warns-reliability-risk-is-rising-as-load-growth-outpaces-infrastructure/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NERC's long-term assessment forecasts summer peak demand up 224 GW in ten years (69%+ above last year's forecast), with data centres the main driver in many areas, and more areas at elevated or high risk."}]}}}}},"taipower":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"taipower","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://service.taipower.com.tw/csr/en/report/agz/2024_Taipower_Value_Chain_and_Operational_Elements.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Taipower 2024 CSR chapter (no date shown): own generation 68.4% and IPPs 31.6% of 2024 supply (text seen via search extract; PDF not machine-readable)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2022/03/04/2003774156","date":"2022-03-04","support":"One plant fault blacked out about 5.49 million households; Taipower lost about 10.5 GW of supply."},{"url":"https://service.taipower.com.tw/csr/en/report/agz/2024_Taipower_Value_Chain_and_Operational_Elements.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Taipower 2024 CSR chapter (no date shown): own generation 68.4% and IPPs 31.6% of 2024 supply (text seen via search extract; PDF not machine-readable)."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2022/03/04/2003774156","date":"2022-03-04","support":"One plant fault blacked out about 5.49 million households; Taipower lost about 10.5 GW of supply."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"taipower","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2026/06/19/2003859338","date":"2026-06-19","support":"The article says Taipower's new gas units plus private projects add about 26 GW to 2035 but not how many independent suppliers exist today. Thin evidence."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2026/06/19/2003859338","date":"2026-06-19","support":"About 5.2 GW of new gas capacity starts this year of 26 GW to 2035; nuclear is left out of planning and a Maanshan restart is uncertain, so the grid builds slowly."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2026/06/19/2003859338","date":"2026-06-19","support":"The reserve margin is 12.8% this year, improving to 20.8% after 2030, so there is little slack on Taiwan's island grid to absorb Taipower's volume."}]}}}},"reconciled":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"taipower","rater":"reconciled","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://service.taipower.com.tw/csr/en/report/agz/2024_Taipower_Value_Chain_and_Operational_Elements.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Taipower's 2024 CSR chapter, as cited by rater a: own generation 68.4%, IPPs 31.6% of 2024 supply. Not reopened (taipower.com.tw 403). [no date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2026/06/19/2003859338","date":"2026-06-19","support":"New capacity comes from Taipower's own gas units plus private projects such as Kuo Kuang Power and Mailiao Power. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.trendforce.com/news/?p=1249","date":"2022-06-30","support":"\"Taiwan's grid is both isolated and relentlessly centralized\", so no imports can substitute. [full date shown]"}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2026/06/19/2003859338","date":"2026-06-19","support":"About 26 GW of new capacity from 2026 to 2035; about 5.2 GW starts this year. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"GE Vernova: lead times for new heavy-duty gas turbine orders are about three years. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.trendforce.com/news/?p=1249","date":"2022-06-30","support":"Taiwan's grid is isolated, so lost output must be rebuilt on the island. [full date shown]"}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2026/06/19/2003859338","date":"2026-06-19","support":"Reserve margin projected at 12.8% this year, rising to 20.8% after 2030. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2022/03/04/2003774156","date":"2022-03-04","support":"One plant fault blacked out about 5.49 million households; about 10.5 GW of supply was lost (rater a's source). [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.trendforce.com/news/?p=1249","date":"2022-06-30","support":"\"Taiwan's grid is both isolated and relentlessly centralized\": no outside supply at scale. [full date shown]"}]}}}}},"hydro-quebec":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"hydro-quebec","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/en/data-analysis/energy-markets/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles-quebec.html","date":"2026-03-26","support":"CER (modified 2026-03-26): Hydro-Québec 'generates most of the electricity in the province'; IPPs run small hydro, wind and bioenergy."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://gowlingwlg.com/en/insights-resources/articles/2023/2035-hydro-quebec-action-plan-energy-efforts","date":"2023-11-29","support":"Hydro-Québec's Action Plan 2035 aims to add 60 TWh (8,000-9,000 MW) by 2035."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/en/data-analysis/energy-markets/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles-quebec.html","date":"2026-03-26","support":"CER: Quebec was a net importer of 14.2 TWh in 2023 when low reservoirs cut exports, despite 15 interconnections."},{"url":"https://gowlingwlg.com/en/insights-resources/articles/2023/2035-hydro-quebec-action-plan-energy-efforts","date":"2023-11-29","support":"Hydro-Québec's Action Plan 2035 aims to add 60 TWh (8,000-9,000 MW) by 2035."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"hydro-quebec","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/en/data-analysis/energy-markets/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles-quebec.html","date":"2026-03-26","support":"Hydro-Québec is the main generator of Québec's electricity (hydro 94%, 61 plants, 212.9 TWh in 2021); independent producers run smaller hydro, wind and bioenergy. Date is the page's 'date modified' line; generation data are for 2021."},{"url":"https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/en/data-analysis/energy-markets/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles-quebec.html","date":"2026-03-26","support":"Fifteen interconnections link Québec to neighbours, but 2023 exports fell because of low reservoir levels, i.e. (rater's inference) neighbours do not hold a matching surplus. Date is the page's 'date modified' line; generation data are for 2021."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://gowlingwlg.com/en/insights-resources/articles/2023/2035-hydro-quebec-action-plan-energy-efforts","date":"2023-11-29","support":"Hydro-Québec's own plan adds 60 TWh by 2035 (8,000-9,000 MW), over 10,000 MW of wind by 2035, so replacing about 175 TWh takes more than four years."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/en/data-analysis/energy-markets/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles-quebec.html","date":"2026-03-26","support":"With hydro at 94% of the province's output, the best alternative (imports over 15 ties) falls well short of Hydro-Québec's volume. Date is the page's 'date modified' line; generation data are for 2021."}]}}}}},"ntpc":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"ntpc","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/press-releases/fy25-highlights-ntpc-records-438-6-bu-of-total-generation-up-by-3-88-yoy/","date":"2025-04-01","support":"NTPC meets about one-quarter of India's power needs, so state and private generators supply the other three-quarters."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://powerline.net.in/2023/11/23/india-to-add-80-gw-thermal-power-capacity-addition-by-2031-32/","date":"2023-11-23","support":"India plans about 80 GW of new thermal capacity by 2031-32, saying renewables alone cannot supply round-the-clock power."},{"url":"https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/press-releases/fy25-highlights-ntpc-records-438-6-bu-of-total-generation-up-by-3-88-yoy/","date":"2025-04-01","support":"Company had 32 GW under construction at end-FY25, a pipeline of several years."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/press-releases/fy25-highlights-ntpc-records-438-6-bu-of-total-generation-up-by-3-88-yoy/","date":"2025-04-01","support":"Company release: about 80 GW installed and 32 GW under construction; 'contributing 1/4th of the power requirement of the country'."},{"url":"https://powerline.net.in/2023/11/23/india-to-add-80-gw-thermal-power-capacity-addition-by-2031-32/","date":"2023-11-23","support":"India plans about 80 GW of new thermal capacity by 2031-32, saying renewables alone cannot supply round-the-clock power."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"ntpc","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/press-releases/fy25-highlights-ntpc-records-438-6-bu-of-total-generation-up-by-3-88-yoy/","date":"2025-04-01","support":"NTPC Group generated 438.6 BU in FY2025 and says it supplies 1/4th of India's power requirement (company claim). The number of rival generators is the rater's inference; no source was opened for it."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india","date":"2026-10-23","support":"India generated 1,987 TWh in 2023, 74% from coal, and the page calls NTPC India's largest power company. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/press-releases/fy25-highlights-ntpc-records-438-6-bu-of-total-generation-up-by-3-88-yoy/","date":"2025-04-01","support":"A quarter of national power requirement (company claim) is more than any single rival can add quickly."}]}}}}},"china-datang":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-datang","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202606/d629abda003c458291b2906abff66f6f/files/9866531285d74f698b5371172e277cd4.pdf","date":"2026-06-08","support":"Peer CHN Energy generated 1,254.1 TWh in 2025 (p. 41); Huaneng, Huadian and SPIC are similar peers."},{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","date":"2026-03-25","support":"China Energy News: SPIC's 2025 generation was above 740 TWh from 287 GW installed."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."},{"url":"https://en.china-cdt.com/","date":"undated","support":"Company home page states 200 GW total installed capacity (figure undated)."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"Coal plant utilisation around 51% leaves wide spare energy in other groups' fleets to cover a loss of this size."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-datang","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh (7,339 亿kWh) and 281 GW of capacity, a group of the same scale as the other large state generators. Date is the page's release stamp."},{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","date":"2026-03-25","support":"China Energy News: SPIC's 2025 generation exceeded 740 TWh on 287 GW, a peer of similar scale to the other large state groups."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]}}}}},"cgn":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cgn","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/major-chinese-operators-report-nuclear-output-for-2024","date":"2025-01-14","support":"'CNNC and CGN are the main nuclear operators in China'; SPIC and Huaneng are third and fourth."},{"url":"https://www.cgnp.com.cn/cgnp/c100744/2026-03/25/686364f216074f17a519f244025996e3/files/9437ca4db212473ba55ed058947d933a.pdf","date":"2026-03-25","support":"CGN Power's managed plants delivered 232.6 TWh to the grid in 2025, 53.0% of China's nuclear generation (p. 11)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."},{"url":"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/major-chinese-operators-report-nuclear-output-for-2024","date":"2025-01-14","support":"CGN ran 28 reactors (31.8 GW) at end-2024; replacement baseload must come from coal or new nuclear."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cgnp.com.cn/cgnp/c100744/2026-03/25/686364f216074f17a519f244025996e3/files/9437ca4db212473ba55ed058947d933a.pdf","date":"2026-03-25","support":"CGN Power's managed plants delivered 232.6 TWh to the grid in 2025, 53.0% of China's nuclear generation (p. 11)."},{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cgn","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Chinese nuclear operators are CNNC, CGN and SPIC, with China Huaneng also operating units; 65 reactors operable and nuclear was 451 TWh in 2024, about 4% of 10,247 TWh. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh (7,339 亿kWh) and 281 GW of capacity, a group of the same scale as the other large state generators. Date is the page's release stamp."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"The page gives a 52-month standard build time for the CPR-1000, so new nuclear takes about 4+ years, but nuclear is only about 4% of China's output and is backfilled from the thermal fleet in the interim. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Chinese nuclear operators are CNNC, CGN and SPIC, with China Huaneng also operating units; 65 reactors operable and nuclear was 451 TWh in 2024, about 4% of 10,247 TWh. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]}}}}},"dte-energy":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"dte-energy","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/misos-planning-resource-auction-shows-sufficient-capacity-coming-year","date":"2026-04-29","support":"DTE's Michigan utility sits in MISO, whose 2026/27 auction cleared sufficient capacity from many owners."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Only about 10 GW of GE Vernova gas-turbine slots remained across 2029-2030; new heavy-duty turbine lead times about three years."},{"url":"https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/publications/us-interconnection-queue-data-0","date":"2026-05","support":"Berkeley Lab Queued Up 2026 (page dated 05/2026, month only): median time from interconnection request to operation was over 5 years for projects built in 2025."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.powermag.com/nerc-warns-long-term-grid-reliability-risks-mounting/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"POWER on NERC's 2025 LTRA: MISO high risk from winter 2028; PJM, ERCOT, WECC-Basin and WECC-Northwest high from 2029; SERC-Central shown high."},{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/misos-planning-resource-auction-shows-sufficient-capacity-coming-year","date":"2026-04-29","support":"MISO's 2026/27 auction found sufficient capacity, but summer cleared at $424.30/MW-day in zones 1-7."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"dte-energy","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"united-states":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/12/f28/united-states-electricity-industry-primer.pdf","date":"2015-07","support":"Report p.30: where utilities are vertically integrated, they 'may construct, own and operate power plants' and recover the cost in retail prices. Rater's inference: DTE Electric is the vertically integrated utility for southeast Michigan. Date is the month on the report cover (July 2015)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"New heavy-duty gas turbines are on about three-year lead times and GE Vernova had only about 10 GW of 2029-2030 slots left after Q1 2026, so a US replacement build arrives in 2029 or later."},{"url":"https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/backlog-power-plants-seeking-transmission-grid-connection-eased-somewhat-2025-lbnl","date":"2026-07-01","support":"APPA, summarising the Berkeley Lab interconnection study, reports that time to reach commercial operation exceeds five years (regions with data), which slows any replacement plant."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/business/policy-and-regulation/nerc-warns-reliability-risk-is-rising-as-load-growth-outpaces-infrastructure/","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NERC's long-term assessment forecasts summer peak demand up 224 GW in ten years (69%+ above last year's forecast), with data centres the main driver in many areas, and more areas at elevated or high risk. Thin company-specific evidence: only the structural sources above could be opened for DTE."}]}}}}},"vattenfall":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"vattenfall","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Finnish-EPR-enters-regular-electricity-production","date":"2023-04-17","support":"Finland's Olkiluoto alone covers about 30% of Finland's use, one of several large Nordic producers."},{"url":"https://www.statkraft.com/IR/financial-key-figures/","date":"undated","support":"Company key figures (undated page): 66.3 TWh produced and 22,288 MW installed in 2024; 'Europe's largest generator of renewable energy'."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/vattenfall-to-select-between-bwrx-300-and-rolls-royce-smr","date":"2025-08-21","support":"Vattenfall's planned ~1,500 MW of SMRs at Ringhals target operation 'in the early 2030s'."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Finnish-EPR-enters-regular-electricity-production","date":"2023-04-17","support":"Olkiluoto 3, under construction since 2005, began regular production in 2023; it covers about 15% of Finland's use."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://group.vattenfall.com/globalassets/com/sustainability/vattenfall-annual-and-sustainability-report-2025.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Company annual report (undated PDF, p. 92): 2025 generation 93.0 TWh, including nuclear 37.9 TWh and hydro 31.1 TWh."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/vattenfall-to-select-between-bwrx-300-and-rolls-royce-smr","date":"2025-08-21","support":"Vattenfall's planned ~1,500 MW of SMRs at Ringhals target operation 'in the early 2030s'."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"vattenfall","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/sweden","date":"2026-10-23","support":"The Swedish reactors are owned and operated by Vattenfall (nuclear 50.4 TWh, 29% of 172 TWh in 2024); the page names Uniper and Fortum as the other utilities. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/sweden","date":"2026-10-23","support":"The government plans two large reactors by 2035 and Vattenfall's SMRs have first power in the mid-2030s, so replacing nuclear takes well over two years. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/sweden","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Nuclear is 29%, hydro 38% and wind 23% of Swedish output; Vattenfall's reactors alone are 29%, so (rater's inference) other Swedish producers fall materially short. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]}}}}},"china-three-gorges":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-three-gorges","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://en.sxcoal.com/news/detail/2001486599303716865","date":"2025-12-18","support":"NEA: China's hydro capacity exceeds 440 GW, of which CTG's 71.7 GW Yangtze corridor is the largest single block (with China Daily)."},{"url":"https://greenchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202401/22/WS65ae33bb498ed2d7b7ea6090/worlds-largest-energy-corridor-generates-impressive-power.html","date":"2024-01-22","support":"China Daily: CTG's six-station Yangtze corridor (71.7 GW) generated more than 276 TWh in 2023."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/chinas-large-scale-baihetan-hydroelectric-project-enters-full-operation/","date":"2022-12-21","support":"Baihetan (16 GW), built from 2017, had completed construction and was operating by December 2022."},{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://greenchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202401/22/WS65ae33bb498ed2d7b7ea6090/worlds-largest-energy-corridor-generates-impressive-power.html","date":"2024-01-22","support":"China Daily: CTG's six-station Yangtze corridor (71.7 GW) generated more than 276 TWh in 2023."},{"url":"https://en.sxcoal.com/news/detail/2001486599303716865","date":"2025-12-18","support":"NEA says China 'effectively guaranteed power supply' through the 2025 summer peak; hydro capacity above 440 GW."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-three-gorges","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh (7,339 亿kWh) and 281 GW of capacity, a group of the same scale as the other large state generators. Date is the page's release stamp."},{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","date":"2026-03-25","support":"China Energy News: SPIC's 2025 generation exceeded 740 TWh on 287 GW, a peer of similar scale to the other large state groups."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."},{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"Large-unit utilisation of 3,119 hours in 2025 leaves thermal headroom. Thin company-specific evidence: CTG's own hydro output could not be opened, so its reservoir-storage role is not credited."}]}}}},"reconciled":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-three-gorges","rater":"reconciled","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://greenchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202401/22/WS65ae33bb498ed2d7b7ea6090/worlds-largest-energy-corridor-generates-impressive-power.html","date":"2024-01-22","support":"China Daily: CTG's six-station Yangtze corridor (71.7 GW) generated more than 276 TWh in 2023, the largest single hydro block. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://en.sxcoal.com/news/detail/2001486599303716865","date":"2025-12-18","support":"NEA: China's hydro capacity exceeds 440 GW, so most large hydro sits with groups other than CTG. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh on 281 GW: one of several bulk-energy groups larger than CTG (rater b's source). [page release stamp]"}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1013161","date":"2023-06-21","support":"National hydro output fell by a third in May 2023; coal output rose 86% in Sichuan and 140% in Yunnan that month. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM: coal utilisation hovers around 51%; a record 95 GW of coal was added in 2025. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.climatechangenews.com/2022/08/22/heatwave-hydropower-china-sichuan-tesla/","date":"2022-08-22","support":"Sichuan's 2022 industrial power cuts lasted six days while the government boosted coal generation. [full date shown]"}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"Coal plants at about 51% utilisation leave national headroom well above CTG's volume. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/yangtze-drought-08162022144952.html","date":"2022-08-16","support":"Low Yangtze levels in August 2022 coincided with severe power shortages in Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. [full date shown]"},{"url":"https://data.fca.org.uk/artefacts/NSM/RNS/5858662.html","date":"2025-10-13","support":"China Yangtze Power: the six cascade stations generated 108,470 GWh in Q3 2025, so the loss would concentrate at summer peak. [full date shown]"}]}}}}},"engie":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"engie","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://analysesetdonnees.rte-france.com/en/annual-review-2025/trade","date":"undated","support":"France had a record 92.3 TWh net export surplus in 2025, a large alternative supply for Belgium and other neighbours."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://solarmagazine.nl/nieuws-zonne-energie/i41083/elia-wijst-op-dreigend-flexibiliteitstekort-belgie-tot-4-1-gigawatt-batterijen-in-2036","date":"2025-07-10","support":"On Elia's 2026-2036 study: Belgium faces an adequacy gap from 2028, which batteries fill less effectively by 2034."},{"url":"https://www.engie.com/app/uploads/2026/03/PR-ENGIE-FY-2025-VDEF.pdf","date":"2026-02-25","support":"Company FY2025 release: Belgian and French nuclear output (ENGIE share) 23.4 TWh; French hydro 14.6 TWh."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://solarmagazine.nl/nieuws-zonne-energie/i41083/elia-wijst-op-dreigend-flexibiliteitstekort-belgie-tot-4-1-gigawatt-batterijen-in-2036","date":"2025-07-10","support":"On Elia's 2026-2036 study: Belgium faces an adequacy gap from 2028, which batteries fill less effectively by 2034."},{"url":"https://www.engie.com/app/uploads/2026/03/PR-ENGIE-FY-2025-VDEF.pdf","date":"2026-02-25","support":"Company FY2025 release: Belgian and French nuclear output (ENGIE share) 23.4 TWh; French hydro 14.6 TWh."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"engie","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/belgium","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Both Belgian nuclear plants are operated by Electrabel (Engie): nuclear was 23.8 of 73.1 TWh (33%) in 2025, with Doel 4 and Tihange 3 now held jointly with the state. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/belgium","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Belgium's phase-out was delayed and then reversed (Doel 4 back on grid October 2025; licences to 2045), showing how slowly firm supply is replaced. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/belgium","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Nuclear is a third of Belgian output and Belgium has two operable reactors left, so the best alternative falls materially short for that part; French hydro and Italian gas are easier to replace. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]}}}}},"jera":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"jera","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.hitachi.com/en/press/articles/2019/04/0423c/","date":"2019-04-23","support":"Company: the Tokyo-Chubu 50/60 Hz link was 1,200 MW with a 3,000 MW target; one converter upgrade is due in FY2027."},{"url":"https://www.jera.co.jp/system/files/private/%E3%80%90June%2019,%202026%20Revised%20version%E3%80%9120254Q_Presentation%20Materials.pdf","date":"2026-06-19","support":"Company FY2025 presentation (p. 14): reported generation 233.8 TWh."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":5,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.hitachi.com/en/press/articles/2019/04/0423c/","date":"2019-04-23","support":"Company: the Tokyo-Chubu 50/60 Hz link was 1,200 MW with a 3,000 MW target; one converter upgrade is due in FY2027."},{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Gas turbines, the main new-build option for JERA's LNG fleet, have about three-year lead times and slots sold through 2030."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://techxplore.com/news/2022-03-japan-issues-power-quake.html","date":"2022-03-22","support":"AFP: Japan issued its 'first-ever electricity crunch warning' for Tokyo after quake damage idled six thermal plants."},{"url":"https://www.hitachi.com/en/press/articles/2019/04/0423c/","date":"2019-04-23","support":"Company: the Tokyo-Chubu 50/60 Hz link was 1,200 MW with a 3,000 MW target; one converter upgrade is due in FY2027."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"jera","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news-and-insights/latest-market-news/2182045-lng-expands-share-of-jera-power-output","date":"2021-01-29","support":"JERA's 77 GW is about 27% of Japan's generation fleet, so no other Japanese generator is shown with comparable capacity."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/japan-nuclear-power","date":"2026-09-22","support":"Frequency converters linking Japan's 50 and 60 Hz grids were 1.2 GWe until 2021 and 2.1 GWe in March 2021, rising to 3 GWe by 2027, so (rater's inference) cross-regional backfill is slow. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/japan-nuclear-power","date":"2026-09-22","support":"Japan depends on imports for over 80% of its primary energy, so the best alternative has little fuel or capacity slack. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]}}}}},"rwe":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"rwe","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://analysesetdonnees.rte-france.com/en/annual-review-2025/trade","date":"undated","support":"Neighbouring France exported a record 92.3 TWh net in 2025, with high trade to Germany, Belgium and Britain."},{"url":"https://www.rwe.com/-/media/RWE/documents/05-investor-relations/finanzkalendar-und-veroeffentlichungen/2025-GJ/RWE-Annual-Report-2025.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Company annual report 2025 (undated PDF): group generation 122.3 TWh, of which about 92 TWh in Europe."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/2030-coal-exit-western-germany-increasingly-unlikely-given-gas-power-plant-lag-report","date":"2026-01-19","support":"Germany's 12 GW of new gas plants are targeted by 2031 at the latest; first tenders delayed; RWE's 3.6 GW of lignite may move to reserve."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/2030-coal-exit-western-germany-increasingly-unlikely-given-gas-power-plant-lag-report","date":"2026-01-19","support":"Germany's 12 GW of new gas plants are targeted by 2031 at the latest; first tenders delayed; RWE's 3.6 GW of lignite may move to reserve."},{"url":"https://www.rwe.com/-/media/RWE/documents/05-investor-relations/finanzkalendar-und-veroeffentlichungen/2025-GJ/RWE-Annual-Report-2025.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Company annual report 2025 (undated PDF): group generation 122.3 TWh, of which about 92 TWh in Europe."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"rwe","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.topagrar.com/energie/news/kartellamt-sieht-bei-rwe-leag-und-enbw-zu-viel-marktmacht-20023458.html","date":"2026-02-20","support":"The Bundeskartellamt's 2025 analysis finds RWE well above the threshold of being indispensable in more than 5% of hours; LEAG is also above, EnBW slightly below."},{"url":"https://www.pv-magazine.de/2024/11/26/bundeskartellamt-vermutet-uebergrosse-marktmacht-von-rwe-bei-der-stromerzeugung/","date":"2024-11-26","support":"The authority presumed RWE held a dominant generation position for May 2023 to April 2024."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.topagrar.com/energie/news/kartellamt-sieht-bei-rwe-leag-und-enbw-zu-viel-marktmacht-20023458.html","date":"2026-02-20","support":"RWE is indispensable in more than 5% of hours, but the finding is about specific hours; the rater infers Germany can import and has other large owners, so the gap is modest."}]}}}}},"saudi-electricity":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"saudi-electricity","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/saudi-arabia-power","date":"2026-05-13","support":"US ITA guide: SEC owned 56.4 GW in 2024, '61 percent of the Kingdom's total capacity'; SPPC is the single buyer."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/saudi-arabia-power","date":"2026-05-13","support":"ITA: Saudi-Egypt link (up to 3 GW) contracted in 2021 and nine HVDC lines planned by 2030 show slow additions."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/saudi-arabia-power","date":"2026-05-13","support":"US ITA guide: SEC owned 56.4 GW in 2024, '61 percent of the Kingdom's total capacity'; SPPC is the single buyer."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"saudi-electricity","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/saudi-arabia/2019-report/economy/private-matters-reforms-attract-private-sector-interest-and-foreign-investment","date":"2019","support":"Saudi Electricity Company's equity holdings give it about three-quarters of Saudi generation; four IPPs had 10% of capacity in 2017. Year is taken from the report title (The Report: Saudi Arabia 2019); the page shows no date."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/saudi-arabia/2019-report/economy/private-matters-reforms-attract-private-sector-interest-and-foreign-investment","date":"2019","support":"IPPs held only about 10% of installed capacity in 2017 and IWPPs another 5%, so the best alternative falls materially short of SEC's share. Year is taken from the report title (The Report: Saudi Arabia 2019); the page shows no date."}]}}}}},"zhejiang-energy":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"zhejiang-energy","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://paper.people.com.cn/zgnyb/pc/content/202512/15/content_30125308.html","date":"2025-12-15","support":"Zhejiang Energy manages 49.46 GW, about a quarter of the province's ~184 GW; the rest has other owners."},{"url":"https://ningbo.chinadaily.com.cn/2026-02/04/c_1159176.htm","date":"2026-02-04","support":"Zhejiang's total installed capacity 'stood at roughly 184.15 million kW by the end of the year' 2025."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://paper.people.com.cn/zgnyb/pc/content/202512/15/content_30125308.html","date":"2025-12-15","support":"Taizhou No. 2 phase 2 unit 3 (1 GW): piling began December 2023, commercial operation 6 December 2025."},{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.ehangzhou.gov.cn/2026-06/11/c_297979.htm","date":"2026-06-11","support":"Zhejiang's summer 2025 peak load reached 131 GW, nearly one-tenth of China's peak demand."},{"url":"https://paper.people.com.cn/zgnyb/pc/content/202512/15/content_30125308.html","date":"2025-12-15","support":"Unit 3 alone adds 1 GW of firm power for Zhejiang's winter peak; the group manages 49.46 GW in total."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"zhejiang-energy","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.news.cn/energy/20260920/81e941320538469eaf004b9863aea4ae/c.html","date":"2026-09-20","support":"About one-third of Zhejiang's electricity each year comes from other provinces, and three UHV DC lines have delivered over 900 TWh in total: imports are the main alternative supply, over a limited number of lines."},{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh (7,339 亿kWh) and 281 GW of capacity, a group of the same scale as the other large state generators. Date is the page's release stamp."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2026-05-01/4377651.html","date":"2026-05-01","support":"Zhejiang is described as one of the provinces with the largest power gaps in China, with imports already about a third of consumption, so (rater's inference) replacement means new local plants or new lines."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"The page gives a 52-month standard build time for the CPR-1000, so new nuclear takes about 4+ years, but nuclear is only about 4% of China's output and is backfilled from the thermal fleet in the interim. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2026-05-01/4377651.html","date":"2026-05-01","support":"The article lists the highest generator load rate among Zhejiang's supply challenges and a 2025 peak load of 131 GW (+6.3%), so local alternatives have little slack."},{"url":"https://paper.people.com.cn/zgnyb/pc/content/202501/20/content_30053947.html","date":"2025-01-20","support":"Zhejiang Energy produced 200.9 TWh in 2024 (+7.1%) and calls itself the core force for Zhejiang's energy security; its summer daily output set records four times."},{"url":"https://www.news.cn/energy/20260920/81e941320538469eaf004b9863aea4ae/c.html","date":"2026-09-20","support":"Peak load hit a record 136 GW in summer 2026, so the best alternative (more imports or other local plants) falls materially short."}]}}}}},"rosatom":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"rosatom","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://tass.com/economy/2070147/amp","date":"undated","support":"TASS (dated 'January 12', year not shown): Rosenergoatom generated 218.3 TWh in 2025, about 19% of Russia's output, from 28.5 GW."},{"url":"https://tass.com/economy/2078051/amp","date":"undated","support":"Other large generators exist, such as Gazprom Energoholding's TGC-1 (29.68 TWh in 2025, thermal and hydro)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://oenergetice.cz/en/power-plants-worldwide/russia-connects-new-1250mw-nuclear-unit-at-kursk-plant-to-grid","date":"2026-01-05","support":"Kursk II unit 1, first concrete in 2018 and originally due end-2022, was connected to the grid on 31 December 2025."},{"url":"https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/112385/","date":"2025-07-01","support":"Russia's 2025-2029 plan sees a southern shortfall that 'could reach up to 2.1 GW by 2030'; storage is a stopgap."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://tass.com/economy/2070147/amp","date":"undated","support":"TASS (dated 'January 12', year not shown): Rosenergoatom generated 218.3 TWh in 2025, about 19% of Russia's output, from 28.5 GW."},{"url":"https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/112385/","date":"2025-07-01","support":"Russia's 2025-2029 plan sees a southern shortfall that 'could reach up to 2.1 GW by 2030'; storage is a stopgap."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"rosatom","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Rosenergoatom is the only Russian utility operating nuclear plants (217 TWh, 19% of 1,162 TWh in 2023), but gas is 44% of generation, so thermal rivals exist. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Kursk II-1 began construction in April 2018 and entered commercial operation on 1 May 2026, about eight years; Beloyarsk 5 is planned for 2035. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Nuclear is 19% of Russian generation; the page gives no data on spare thermal capacity, so the gap is judged material without direct evidence. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]}}}}},"enel":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"enel","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/italian-power-generation-increased-2-2025-268-twh.html","date":"2026-01-23","support":"Italy's 268 TWh comes from several large producers plus about 15% net imports, giving several alternatives to Enel."},{"url":"https://www.elespanol.com/invertia/empresas/energia/20260322/sanchez-saca-pecho-bajos-precios-luz-espana-bate-records-consumo-gas-apagon/1003744178318_0.html","date":"2026-03-22","support":"About 26.5 GW of Spanish combined-cycle plants have been largely idling, ready to run when the operator calls."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.elespanol.com/invertia/empresas/energia/20260322/sanchez-saca-pecho-bajos-precios-luz-espana-bate-records-consumo-gas-apagon/1003744178318_0.html","date":"2026-03-22","support":"About 26.5 GW of Spanish combined-cycle plants have been largely idling, ready to run when the operator calls."},{"url":"https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/italian-power-generation-increased-2-2025-268-twh.html","date":"2026-01-23","support":"Citing Terna: Italy generated 268 TWh in 2025, 85% of its 311 TWh demand; net imports supplied about 15%."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.enel.com/content/dam/enel-common/press/en/2026-march/Enel%20results%20FY2025.pdf","date":"2026-03-19","support":"Company FY2025 results: 186.1 TWh of net consolidated generation (no country split given)."},{"url":"https://www.elespanol.com/invertia/empresas/energia/20260322/sanchez-saca-pecho-bajos-precios-luz-espana-bate-records-consumo-gas-apagon/1003744178318_0.html","date":"2026-03-22","support":"About 26.5 GW of Spanish combined-cycle plants have been largely idling, ready to run when the operator calls."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"enel","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cnmc.es/sites/default/files/6742152.pdf","date":"2026-07-21","support":"CNMC's 2025 retail report (a sales measure, not generation) shows Spain's supply split among Endesa 25%, Iberdrola 24%, Naturgy 8%, Repsol and EDP 4% each, so Enel's Spanish Endesa unit has several rivals."},{"url":"https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/enel-italy-unveils-2025-preliminary-results-showing-higher-earnings.html","date":"2026-02-10","support":"Enel generated 31.6 TWh in Italy of its 186.1 TWh in 2025 with 28.2 GW of Italian capacity; Italy's other large producers are not shown. Thin evidence."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cnmc.es/sites/default/files/6742152.pdf","date":"2026-07-21","support":"Renewables were 151 TWh (55%) of Spanish generation, giving the system depth; the rater infers a 3% share is a small gap."}]}}}}},"cfe":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cfe","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.projectfinance.law/publications/2025/march/mexico-enacts-new-laws-for-the-power-sector/","date":"2025-03-27","support":"Mexico's 2025 law: 'At least 54% on average of energy injected' each year must come from CFE plants."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/data-centers-drive-record-surge-in-ge-vernova-power-equipment-orders-as-turbine-slots-tighten-through-2030/","date":"2026-04-23","support":"Gas turbines, the main new-build option, have about three-year lead times and slots sold through 2030."},{"url":"https://www.projectfinance.law/publications/2025/march/mexico-enacts-new-laws-for-the-power-sector/","date":"2025-03-27","support":"Mexico's 2025 law: 'At least 54% on average of energy injected' each year must come from CFE plants."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.projectfinance.law/publications/2025/march/mexico-enacts-new-laws-for-the-power-sector/","date":"2025-03-27","support":"Mexico's 2025 law: 'At least 54% on average of energy injected' each year must come from CFE plants."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cfe","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/mexico-energy-sector-reform","date":"2025","support":"Mexican law requires CFE plants to supply at least 54% of dispatched electricity, leaving up to 46% for private producers. Page ends with the stamp 04/10/2025 (day and month order unclear), so only the year is given."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/mexico-energy-sector-reform","date":"2025","support":"Plan México aims to add 22 GW of generation by 2030, i.e. about five years of build. Page ends with the stamp 04/10/2025 (day and month order unclear), so only the year is given."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/mexico","date":"2026-07-08","support":"Mexico generated 380 TWh in 2023 (gas 61%) and the 2025-2039 plan adds no new nuclear. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/mexico-energy-sector-reform","date":"2025","support":"Private producers are left at most 46% of dispatch, so the best alternative (rater's inference) falls materially short of CFE's volume. Page ends with the stamp 04/10/2025 (day and month order unclear), so only the year is given."}]}}}}},"cez":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cez","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cez.cz/webpublic/file/edee/ospol/fileexport/investori/vz-2025/cez-group-annual-financial-report-2025.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Company report: 56.0 TWh gross in 2025, the bulk of Czech generation (national total not in this source; evidence thin)."},{"url":"https://www.neimagazine.com/news/dukovany-deal-signed/","date":"2025-06-10","support":"Dukovany new-build contract signed with KHNP; construction of unit 5 is aimed to start in 2029."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.neimagazine.com/news/dukovany-deal-signed/","date":"2025-06-10","support":"Dukovany new-build contract signed with KHNP; construction of unit 5 is aimed to start in 2029."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cez.cz/webpublic/file/edee/ospol/fileexport/investori/vz-2025/cez-group-annual-financial-report-2025.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Company annual financial report 2025 (undated PDF): 56.0 TWh generated (gross), mainly Czech nuclear and coal."},{"url":"https://www.neimagazine.com/news/dukovany-deal-signed/","date":"2025-06-10","support":"Dukovany new-build contract signed with KHNP; construction of unit 5 is aimed to start in 2029."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cez","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/czech-republic","date":"2026-09-15","support":"ČEZ owns and operates both Czech nuclear plants (about 40% of Czech generation: 29.7 of 73.9 TWh in 2024), so no domestic rival offers comparable supply. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/czech-republic","date":"2026-09-15","support":"Dukovany 5 and 6 (KHNP APR-1000) are listed with construction starting in 2029 and first power by 2036, so firm replacement takes years. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/czech-republic","date":"2026-09-15","support":"Nuclear is about 40% of Czech output and is planned to reach 68% by 2040; the best alternative (imports or gas) would fall materially short. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/12/17/entso-e-releases-latest-european-resource-adequacy-assessment/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"ENTSO-E flags adequacy risks and 6-8 GW of capacity at risk of closing in 2028-2030, so regional backfill is limited."}]}}}}},"statkraft":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"statkraft","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://ich.no/?p=237715","date":"2021-09-03","support":"Statkraft's average 42 TWh a year is about one-third of Norway's hydropower production (2021 source)."},{"url":"https://group.vattenfall.com/globalassets/com/sustainability/vattenfall-annual-and-sustainability-report-2025.pdf","date":"undated","support":"Peer Vattenfall generated 31.1 TWh of hydro and 37.9 TWh of nuclear in 2025, one of several large Nordic producers."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/vattenfall-to-select-between-bwrx-300-and-rolls-royce-smr","date":"2025-08-21","support":"New firm Nordic capacity is slow: Vattenfall's Ringhals SMRs target only the early 2030s."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Finnish-EPR-enters-regular-electricity-production","date":"2023-04-17","support":"Olkiluoto 3, under construction since 2005, began regular production in 2023; it covers about 15% of Finland's use."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://ich.no/?p=237715","date":"2021-09-03","support":"Statkraft's average 42 TWh a year is about one-third of Norway's hydropower production (2021 source)."},{"url":"https://www.statkraft.com/IR/financial-key-figures/","date":"undated","support":"Company key figures (undated page): 66.3 TWh produced and 22,288 MW installed in 2024; 'Europe's largest generator of renewable energy'."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"statkraft","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.nve.no/energy-supply/ownership-of-power-plants/","date":"2026-03-13","support":"Statkraft is Norway's largest hydropower company with 45.3 TWh (32.9% of hydro); the next, Hafslund, has 12.0%, so only partial alternatives exist. Date is the publication date; the page was updated 2026-03-16."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.nve.no/energy-supply/ownership-of-power-plants/","date":"2026-03-13","support":"The ten largest hydro owners hold 77.1% of Norwegian production and ownership is 88% public, so, as the rater infers, there are no idle plants to switch in and replacement would come from new wind or imports. Date is the publication date; the page was updated 2026-03-16."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.nve.no/energy-supply/ownership-of-power-plants/","date":"2026-03-13","support":"The next-largest owners are far smaller (Hafslund 16.5 TWh, Å Energi 10.3 TWh against Statkraft's 45.3 TWh), so the gap is material. Date is the publication date; the page was updated 2026-03-16."}]}}}}},"iberdrola":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"iberdrola","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.elespanol.com/invertia/empresas/energia/20260322/sanchez-saca-pecho-bajos-precios-luz-espana-bate-records-consumo-gas-apagon/1003744178318_0.html","date":"2026-03-22","support":"About 26.5 GW of Spanish combined-cycle plants owned by several companies sit largely idle, ready to run."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.elespanol.com/invertia/empresas/energia/20260322/sanchez-saca-pecho-bajos-precios-luz-espana-bate-records-consumo-gas-apagon/1003744178318_0.html","date":"2026-03-22","support":"About 26.5 GW of Spanish combined-cycle plants have been largely idling, ready to run when the operator calls."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.elespanol.com/invertia/empresas/energia/20260322/sanchez-saca-pecho-bajos-precios-luz-espana-bate-records-consumo-gas-apagon/1003744178318_0.html","date":"2026-03-22","support":"About 26.5 GW of Spanish combined-cycle plants have been largely idling, ready to run when the operator calls."},{"url":"https://www.iberdrola.com/shareholders-investors/operational-financial-information/factbook","date":"undated","support":"Company factbook (undated page): 129.0 TWh net production from 58.3 GW in 2025."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"iberdrola","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cnmc.es/sites/default/files/6742152.pdf","date":"2026-07-21","support":"CNMC's 2025 retail report (sales, not generation) shows Iberdrola at 24% beside Endesa 25% and Naturgy 8%, so several comparable suppliers share the Spanish market."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cnmc.es/sites/default/files/6742152.pdf","date":"2026-07-21","support":"Spanish renewables were 151 TWh (55% of generation), so the rater infers a 2.3% share leaves a small gap."}]}}}}},"pge-polska":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"pge-polska","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.parkiet.com/energetyka/art41437201-bez-pilnych-dzialan-polskiej-gospodarce-groza-braki-pradu","date":"2024-11-13","support":"PSE warns Poland may be about 4.2 GW short in 2026, so few domestic generators have spare capacity (evidence on rival count thin)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.parkiet.com/energetyka/art41437201-bez-pilnych-dzialan-polskiej-gospodarce-groza-braki-pradu","date":"2024-11-13","support":"PSE sees a possible capacity shortfall of about 4.2 GW in 2026 and 9.4 GW in 2034, and wants coal units kept running."},{"url":"https://modoenergy.com/research/fr/polands-fourth-capacity-market-stress-event-a-summer-call-on-4-august-2026","date":"2026-08-06","support":"PSE called capacity-market obligations on 4 August 2026 with 4.9 GW of coal and lignite in planned maintenance."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.parkiet.com/energetyka/art41437201-bez-pilnych-dzialan-polskiej-gospodarce-groza-braki-pradu","date":"2024-11-13","support":"PSE sees a possible capacity shortfall of about 4.2 GW in 2026 and 9.4 GW in 2034, and wants coal units kept running."},{"url":"https://modoenergy.com/research/fr/polands-fourth-capacity-market-stress-event-a-summer-call-on-4-august-2026","date":"2026-08-06","support":"PSE called capacity-market obligations on 4 August 2026 with 4.9 GW of coal and lignite in planned maintenance."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"pge-polska","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://enerad.pl/pge-prezentuje-wyniki-finansowe-i-operacyjne-za-2025-rok-wzrost-ebitda-i-spadek-zadluzenia/","date":"2026-04-16","support":"PGE produced 55.20 TWh net in 2025, of which 28.50 TWh lignite and 14.19 TWh hard coal; the article gives no share of Polish generation. Thin evidence on alternatives."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/12/17/entso-e-releases-latest-european-resource-adequacy-assessment/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"ENTSO-E flags 6-8 GW at risk of decommissioning in 2028-2030 and calls for capacity mechanisms, so the rater infers replacing PGE's coal fleet needs new build."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://enerad.pl/pge-prezentuje-wyniki-finansowe-i-operacyjne-za-2025-rok-wzrost-ebitda-i-spadek-zadluzenia/","date":"2026-04-16","support":"PGE's gas output rose 49% in 2025 to 9.18 TWh, which the rater reads as a gas fleet able to pick up part of lost coal output: a modest gap."}]}}}}},"pln":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"pln","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.thejakartapost.com/business/2026/01/20/awaiting-indonesias-electricity-market-reform.html","date":"2026-01-20","support":"IPPs' share of Indonesia's power plants rose from about 33% in 2018 to about 53% in 2024."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.petromindo.com/news/article/govt-allocates-60-of-renewable-projects-to-ipps-in-new-ruptl","date":"2025-01-21","support":"Draft RUPTL 2025-2034 plans 71 GW of new plants over ten years, up to 60% by IPPs."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.thejakartapost.com/business/2026/01/20/awaiting-indonesias-electricity-market-reform.html","date":"2026-01-20","support":"IPPs' share of Indonesia's power plants rose from about 33% in 2018 to about 53% in 2024."},{"url":"https://www.petromindo.com/news/article/govt-allocates-60-of-renewable-projects-to-ipps-in-new-ruptl","date":"2025-01-21","support":"Draft RUPTL 2025-2034 plans 71 GW of new plants over ten years, up to 60% by IPPs."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"pln","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.petromindo.com/news/article/pln-s-ipp-pipeline-signals-long-term-bet-on-geothermal-and-renewables","date":"2026-02-16","support":"Per PLN's bond prospectus, IPPs hold 30,788 MW, 38.49% of installed capacity at 30 September 2025, and PLN has 114 significant PPAs: private suppliers exist but each is small."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.petromindo.com/news/article/pln-s-ipp-pipeline-signals-long-term-bet-on-geothermal-and-renewables","date":"2026-02-16","support":"IPPs hold 38.49% of capacity, so PLN's own plants (about 60% by capacity, rater's inference) cannot be fully covered by any one rival."}]}}}}},"cnnc":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cnnc","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/major-chinese-operators-report-nuclear-output-for-2024","date":"2025-01-14","support":"'CNNC and CGN are the main nuclear operators in China'; SPIC and Huaneng are third and fourth."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and its coal fleet runs at about 51%, so CNNC's ~200 TWh could be covered quickly."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/major-chinese-operators-report-nuclear-output-for-2024","date":"2025-01-14","support":"CNNC controlled 25 reactors (23.75 GW) at end-2024, a small part of China's system."},{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"cnnc","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Chinese nuclear operators are CNNC, CGN and SPIC, with China Huaneng also operating units; 65 reactors operable and nuclear was 451 TWh in 2024, about 4% of 10,247 TWh. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh (7,339 亿kWh) and 281 GW of capacity, a group of the same scale as the other large state generators. Date is the page's release stamp."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"The page gives a 52-month standard build time for the CPR-1000, so new nuclear takes about 4+ years, but nuclear is only about 4% of China's output and is backfilled from the thermal fleet in the interim. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."},{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]}}}}},"rushydro":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"rushydro","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.interfax.ru/business/1054192","date":"2025-10-23","support":"Interfax 9M 2025: RusHydro runs 85.2 bn kWh of hydro (Volga-Kama, Siberia, Far East) and 20.8 bn kWh of Far East thermal."},{"url":"https://tass.com/economy/2078051/amp","date":"undated","support":"Other large Russian generators exist, e.g. Gazprom Energoholding's TGC-1 (29.68 TWh in 2025), but mostly outside the Far East."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/114649/","date":"2025-11-01","support":"Interfax: 'A capacity deficit is forecast in the Far East'; two tenders for new Primorye and Khabarovsk generation failed."},{"url":"https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/112385/","date":"2025-07-01","support":"Russia's 2025-2029 plan sees a southern shortfall that 'could reach up to 2.1 GW by 2030'; storage is a stopgap."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://energyland.info/news-show--gidro-284533","date":"2026-07-02","support":"Trade press on 2025 results: plants belonging to the RusHydro group generated 142.5 bn kWh."},{"url":"https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/114649/","date":"2025-11-01","support":"Interfax: 'A capacity deficit is forecast in the Far East'; two tenders for new Primorye and Khabarovsk generation failed."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"rushydro","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://t-j.ru/news/review-hydr/","date":"2022-09-15","support":"RusHydro held 12.7-14.2% of Russian generation and 15.1-15.6% of capacity in recent years, first in Russia by installed capacity (38.2 GW in 2021), with over 80% of output from hydro."},{"url":"https://www.interfax.ru/business/1054192","date":"2025-10-23","support":"RusHydro's total includes Boguchany HPP, a joint venture with Rusal, so another hydro owner exists but only for a shared plant. The rater infers few hydro alternatives of comparable size."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"No hydro build-time or spare-thermal-capacity source was found (thin evidence). The only analogue opened: Kursk II-1 took from April 2018 to May 2026, about eight years, for a large new plant; gas fires 44% of Russian generation. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://energyland.info/news-show--gidro-284533","date":"2026-07-02","support":"RusHydro group facilities generated 142.5 bn kWh in 2025, about 12% of Russia's output on the rater's calculation; thermal rivals could cover part, so a material gap. Rater's inference, thin evidence."}]}}}}},"china-resources-power":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-resources-power","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202606/d629abda003c458291b2906abff66f6f/files/9866531285d74f698b5371172e277cd4.pdf","date":"2026-06-08","support":"Peer CHN Energy alone generates about one-eighth of China's power (p. 12); many larger state groups exist."},{"url":"https://www.chng.com.cn/documents/20181/27793/981bcc6f-0199-4ef6-a6be-e133e3013051.pdf","date":"2026","support":"Company ESG report (year only): 2025 domestic generation 862.6 TWh from 297.6 GW of controlled domestic capacity (p. 54)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.crpower.com.hk","date":"undated","support":"Group site headline (undated): subsidiaries sold about 160 TWh in the first 11 months."},{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"Coal plant utilisation around 51% leaves wide spare energy in other fleets to cover about 175 TWh."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"china-resources-power","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh (7,339 亿kWh) and 281 GW of capacity, a group of the same scale as the other large state generators. Date is the page's release stamp."},{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","date":"2026-03-25","support":"China Energy News: SPIC's 2025 generation exceeded 740 TWh on 287 GW, a peer of similar scale to the other large state groups."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]}}}}},"uniper":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"uniper","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://analysesetdonnees.rte-france.com/en/annual-review-2025/trade","date":"undated","support":"France's record 92.3 TWh net export surplus in 2025 shows large alternative supply reaching Germany and neighbours."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/2030-coal-exit-western-germany-increasingly-unlikely-given-gas-power-plant-lag-report","date":"2026-01-19","support":"Germany's 12 GW of new gas plants are targeted by 2031 at the latest; first tenders delayed; RWE's 3.6 GW of lignite may move to reserve."},{"url":"https://analysesetdonnees.rte-france.com/en/annual-review-2025/trade","date":"undated","support":"RTE annual review 2025 (undated page): France's 2025 net exports were a record 92.3 TWh; Europe's leading net exporter."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/2030-coal-exit-western-germany-increasingly-unlikely-given-gas-power-plant-lag-report","date":"2026-01-19","support":"Germany's 12 GW of new gas plants are targeted by 2031 at the latest; first tenders delayed; RWE's 3.6 GW of lignite may move to reserve."},{"url":"https://analysesetdonnees.rte-france.com/en/annual-review-2025/trade","date":"undated","support":"RTE annual review 2025 (undated page): France's 2025 net exports were a record 92.3 TWh; Europe's leading net exporter."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"uniper","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.topagrar.com/energie/news/kartellamt-sieht-bei-rwe-leag-und-enbw-zu-viel-marktmacht-20023458.html","date":"2026-02-20","support":"The Bundeskartellamt names only RWE and LEAG above the 5% threshold and EnBW just below; it does not list Uniper, which implies several alternatives. Rater's inference."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/12/17/entso-e-releases-latest-european-resource-adequacy-assessment/","date":"2025-12-17","support":"ENTSO-E's assessment flags adequacy risks but finds capacity broadly sufficient with 6-8 GW at risk of closing in 2028-2030, so the rater infers a 1.7% share is a small gap."}]}}}}},"fortum":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"fortum","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Finnish-EPR-enters-regular-electricity-production","date":"2023-04-17","support":"Finland's Olkiluoto, owned by TVO, covers about 30% of Finland's use, one of several large Nordic sources."},{"url":"https://www.statkraft.com/IR/financial-key-figures/","date":"undated","support":"Company key figures (undated page): 66.3 TWh produced and 22,288 MW installed in 2024; 'Europe's largest generator of renewable energy'."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Finnish-EPR-enters-regular-electricity-production","date":"2023-04-17","support":"Olkiluoto 3, under construction since 2005, began regular production in 2023; it covers about 15% of Finland's use."},{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/vattenfall-to-select-between-bwrx-300-and-rolls-royce-smr","date":"2025-08-21","support":"New firm Nordic capacity is slow: Vattenfall's Ringhals SMRs target only the early 2030s."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Finnish-EPR-enters-regular-electricity-production","date":"2023-04-17","support":"OL3 (1.6 GW, about 15% of Finland's use) began regular output in 2023, adding firm supply in Fortum's home market."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"fortum","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/finland","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Fortum operates the two Loviisa reactors (507 MWe each) and owns 25.8% of TVO; nuclear is 40% of Finland's 82.6 TWh, so few others run comparable nuclear supply. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/finland","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Olkiluoto 3 took from 2005 to regular production in April 2023 to build; Fortum has no BWRX-300 investment decision yet, so new nuclear takes years. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/finland","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Finnish generation was 82.6 TWh against 77.9 TWh consumption in 2025, so there is little surplus for the best alternative to draw on. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]}}}}},"leag":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"leag","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://analysesetdonnees.rte-france.com/en/annual-review-2025/trade","date":"undated","support":"France's record 92.3 TWh net export surplus in 2025 shows large alternative supply reaching Germany."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/2030-coal-exit-western-germany-increasingly-unlikely-given-gas-power-plant-lag-report","date":"2026-01-19","support":"Germany's 12 GW of new gas plants are targeted by 2031 at the latest; first tenders delayed; RWE's 3.6 GW of lignite may move to reserve."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/2030-coal-exit-western-germany-increasingly-unlikely-given-gas-power-plant-lag-report","date":"2026-01-19","support":"Germany plans to move some lignite into reserve as gas plants arrive by 2031, showing lignite output is being replaced."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"leag","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.topagrar.com/energie/news/kartellamt-sieht-bei-rwe-leag-und-enbw-zu-viel-marktmacht-20023458.html","date":"2026-02-20","support":"LEAG is also above the 5%-of-hours indispensability threshold in the Bundeskartellamt's 2025 analysis (RWE well above, EnBW slightly below)."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.topagrar.com/energie/news/kartellamt-sieht-bei-rwe-leag-und-enbw-zu-viel-marktmacht-20023458.html","date":"2026-02-20","support":"The article puts RWE 'well above' the threshold and LEAG simply above it; the rater infers other German owners and imports can cover most hours."}]}}}}},"edp":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"edp","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.elespanol.com/invertia/empresas/energia/20260322/sanchez-saca-pecho-bajos-precios-luz-espana-bate-records-consumo-gas-apagon/1003744178318_0.html","date":"2026-03-22","support":"About 26.5 GW of Iberian combined-cycle plants owned by several companies sit largely idle, ready to run."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.elespanol.com/invertia/empresas/energia/20260322/sanchez-saca-pecho-bajos-precios-luz-espana-bate-records-consumo-gas-apagon/1003744178318_0.html","date":"2026-03-22","support":"About 26.5 GW of Spanish combined-cycle plants have been largely idling, ready to run when the operator calls."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.elespanol.com/invertia/empresas/energia/20260322/sanchez-saca-pecho-bajos-precios-luz-espana-bate-records-consumo-gas-apagon/1003744178318_0.html","date":"2026-03-22","support":"About 26.5 GW of Spanish combined-cycle plants have been largely idling, ready to run when the operator calls."},{"url":"https://edp.com/sites/default/files/document/2026-10/EDP_OperatingDataPreview_9M26.pdf","date":"2026-10","support":"Company 9M26 operating preview (month only): 48.3 TWh generated in nine months, +0.5% year on year."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"edp","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"europe":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cnmc.es/sites/default/files/6742152.pdf","date":"2026-07-21","support":"CNMC's 2025 retail report (sales, not generation) lists EDP at 4% of Spanish supply beside Endesa, Iberdrola and Naturgy: several comparable Iberian suppliers. Thin evidence for Portugal."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cnmc.es/sites/default/files/6742152.pdf","date":"2026-07-21","support":"Spanish renewables were 151 TWh (55% of generation); the rater infers Iberian system depth makes a 1.1% share a small gap."}]}}}}},"gazprom":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"gazprom","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://tass.com/economy/2078051/amp","date":"undated","support":"TGC-1 is 29.45% owned by Fortum and part of a market with other large generators, including Rosenergoatom (218 TWh)."},{"url":"https://tass.com/economy/2070147/amp","date":"undated","support":"TASS (dated 'January 12', year not shown): Rosenergoatom generated 218.3 TWh in 2025, about 19% of Russia's output, from 28.5 GW."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":4,"evidence":[{"url":"https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/112385/","date":"2025-07-01","support":"Russia's 2025-2029 plan sees a southern shortfall that 'could reach up to 2.1 GW by 2030'; storage is a stopgap."},{"url":"https://oenergetice.cz/en/power-plants-worldwide/russia-connects-new-1250mw-nuclear-unit-at-kursk-plant-to-grid","date":"2026-01-05","support":"Kursk II unit 1, first concrete in 2018 and originally due end-2022, was connected to the grid on 31 December 2025."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/112385/","date":"2025-07-01","support":"Russia's 2025-2029 plan sees a southern shortfall that 'could reach up to 2.1 GW by 2030'; storage is a stopgap."},{"url":"https://tass.com/economy/2078051/amp","date":"undated","support":"TASS (dated 'January 28', year not shown): TGC-1, 51.79% owned by Gazprom Energoholding, generated 29.68 TWh in 2025."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"gazprom","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/112851/","date":"2025-07-24","support":"OGK-2, part of Gazprom Energoholding, is described as Russia's largest heat-generating company with 12 plants and 16.3 GW; no current national share found, so evidence is thin."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Gas supplies 44% of Russian generation (1,162 TWh in 2023), so other gas-fired owners exist, but no replacement timeline is given. Thin evidence. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power","date":"2026-10-23","support":"Russian thermal generation is large relative to Gazprom Energoholding's fleet, so the rater infers a modest gap; no direct capacity data found. Date is the page's 'Updated' line."}]}}}}},"eletrobras":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"eletrobras","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://eixos.com.br/energia-eletrica/eletrobras-passa-por-reposicionamento-e-vai-se-chamar-axia-energia/","date":"2025-10-22","support":"Axia (ex-Eletrobras) holds 17% of Brazil's generation capacity and 37% of SIN transmission lines."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.pv-magazine.com/2026/02/02/brazil-curtails-20-of-solar-and-wind-output-in-2025-with-losses-at-1-2-billion/","date":"2026-02-02","support":"Brazil curtailed about 20% of solar and wind output in 2025, an average 4,021 MW cut."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://eixos.com.br/energia-eletrica/eletrobras-passa-por-reposicionamento-e-vai-se-chamar-axia-energia/","date":"2025-10-22","support":"Axia (ex-Eletrobras) holds 17% of Brazil's generation capacity and 37% of SIN transmission lines."},{"url":"https://www.pv-magazine.com/2026/02/02/brazil-curtails-20-of-solar-and-wind-output-in-2025-with-losses-at-1-2-billion/","date":"2026-02-02","support":"Brazil curtailed about 20% of solar and wind output in 2025, an average 4,021 MW cut."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"eletrobras","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"rest-of-world":{"alternatives":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://movimentoeconomico.com.br/economia/energia/2026/01/07/axia-energia-investe-r-116-bi-em-transmissao-no-nordeste-em-2025/","date":"2026-01-07","support":"Axia Energia (ex-Eletrobras) holds 17% of Brazil's generation capacity (company data via Movimento Econômico), so many other owners hold the other 83%."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":3,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/2026-q2-roundup-utilities-emphasize-project-execution-ratepayer-protec/827997/","date":"2026-08-17","support":"Utility Dive's Q2 2026 roundup: GE Vernova's gas-turbine backlog is 116 GW with reservations for 2031; Siemens Energy's is near 70 GW with lead times of three years or more."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://movimentoeconomico.com.br/economia/energia/2026/01/07/axia-energia-investe-r-116-bi-em-transmissao-no-nordeste-em-2025/","date":"2026-01-07","support":"With 17% of national capacity, the rater infers the other generators together can cover most of a 1.2% share of the wider region."}]}}}}},"invenergy":{},"aes":{},"evergy":{},"oglethorpe-power":{},"sdic-power":{"a":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"sdic-power","rater":"a","model":"claude-opus-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chnenergy.com.cn/gjnyjtww/newCE050301/202606/d629abda003c458291b2906abff66f6f/files/9866531285d74f698b5371172e277cd4.pdf","date":"2026-06-08","support":"Peer CHN Energy alone generates about one-eighth of China's power (p. 12); many larger state groups exist."},{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"Company says 2025 generation was 733.9 TWh from 281 GW, of which 112 GW new energy."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"CREA/GEM via Carbon Brief: China added a record 95 GW of coal in 2025 and started 83 GW; coal plant utilisation hovers around 51%."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":2,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/rush-for-new-coal-in-china-hits-record-high-in-2025-as-climate-deadline-looms","date":"2026-02-03","support":"Coal plant utilisation around 51% leaves wide spare energy in other fleets to cover about 110 TWh."},{"url":"https://en.sxcoal.com/news/detail/2001486599303716865","date":"2025-12-18","support":"NEA says China 'effectively guaranteed power supply' through the 2025 summer peak; hydro capacity above 440 GW."}]}}}},"b":{"schema":"5lc-index-rating/1","key":"energy-generation","entityId":"sdic-power","rater":"b","model":"claude-sonnet-5-5","ratedAt":"2026-10-23","functions":{"china":{"alternatives":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.chd.com.cn/site/2/2026-01-12/331d3bdd9fab4640a6d738199d62af71.html","date":"2026-01-12","support":"China Huadian reports 2025 generation of 733.9 TWh (7,339 亿kWh) and 281 GW of capacity, a group of the same scale as the other large state generators. Date is the page's release stamp."},{"url":"https://www.cpnn.com.cn/news/nyqy/202603/t20260325_1876076_wap.html","date":"2026-03-25","support":"China Energy News: SPIC's 2025 generation exceeded 740 TWh on 287 GW, a peer of similar scale to the other large state groups."},{"url":"https://www.mercomindia.com/strong-solar-buildout-pushes-chinas-power-capacity-to-3890-gw","date":"2026-01-29","support":"China's installed capacity was 3,890 GW at end-2025 and it added 311 GW of solar and 119 GW of wind in 2025 alone, so (rater's inference) no single group's output is hard to backfill."}]},"switchingTime":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]},"capabilityGap":{"level":1,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.mysteel.net/news/5111881-nea-chinas-thermal-power-capacity-rises-utilization-falls-in-2025","date":"2026-01-29","support":"NEA data: average utilisation hours of large units fell 312 h to 3,119 h in 2025 while thermal capacity rose 6.3% to 1,539 GW, so, as the rater infers, spare thermal output is available to re-dispatch."}]}}}}},"ameren":{},"ppl":{},"wec-energy":{},"pge":{},"pseg":{},"alpha-generation":{},"salt-river-project":{},"alliant-energy":{},"nypa":{},"guangdong-energy":{},"totalenergies":{},"clearway":{},"cogentrix":{},"tenaska":{},"inner-mongolia-energy-group":{},"evn":{},"axpo":{},"verbund":{},"tenaga-nasional":{},"state-grid":{},"ppc":{},"opg":{},"itaipu":{},"en-plus":{},"bc-hydro":{}},"validation":[]}